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目的:分析中国糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的患病情况，为其预防和干预提供科学依据。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、万方数据库、中国知网、中文科技期刊数据库（维普）的中英文文献，纳入1990—2020年间关于中国居民DR流行病学调查的研究。采用荟萃分析的方法估算DR的人群总患病率，采用亚组荟萃分析评价不同地区、不同年龄段人群患病情况。结果:共纳入40篇相关文献，一般人群总样本量为282 620人，糖尿病患者总样本量为47 022例。总人群中DR的患病率为1.7%（95n %CI：1.4%~2.0%）；糖尿病人群中DR的患病率为22.4%（95n %CI：18.8%~26.1%）。50~59岁年龄段的糖尿病患者DR患病率最高（22.1%）；在糖尿病人群中，华北（27.7%）、东北（23.7%）地区DR患病率较高，华东地区DR患者估计人数最多（497.1万人），农村DR（34.0%）患病率高于城市（18.7%）。n 结论:中国糖尿病人群DR患病率较高，且地区、年龄间存在差异。提示对我国糖尿病人群特别是农村地区糖尿病人群进行DR筛查的必要性。“,”Objective:To analyze and summarize the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in China, and provide scientific evidence for its prevention and intervention.Methods:Literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfangdata, Vip and CNKI between 1990 and 2020 was performed to retrieve epidemiological studies of DR in China. The total prevalence of DR was analyzed by performing a meta-analysis, and the prevalences of DR in different regions and age groups were also evaluated by subgroup analyses.Results:A total of 40 studies were enrolled. The total sample size of the general population was 282 620, and the total number of diabetic patients was 47 022. The prevalence of DR in the general population and diabetic patients was 1.7% (95n %CI: 1.4%-2.0%) and 22.4% (95% n CI: 18.8%-26.1%), respectively. The highest prevalence of DR was found in patients aged 50-59 years (22.1%). Among the diabetic population, the prevalence of DR was high in North (27.7%) and Northeast China (23.7%), but the East China had the largest estimated number of DR patients (4 971 000). Moreover, the prevalence of DR in rural areas (34.0%) was higher than that in urban areas (18.7%).n Conclusions:The prevalence of DR is high in Chinese diabetic population, and there are differences among regions and age subgroups. The results of the current meta-analysis emphasize the necessity of DR screening for diabetic population, especially in rural areas.