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目的探讨邯郸地区儿童感染呼吸道病原体的特点及分布情况,为临床提供准确迅速的诊断并指导临床合理用药。方法选取2015年1-12月在该院住院的1 185例上呼吸道感染患儿为研究对象,采用间接免疫荧光法对其进行11种常见呼吸道病原体Ig M抗体的检测,并进行统计学数据分析。结果 1 185例患儿中,检出呼吸道病毒Ig M抗体阳性患者734例,总阳性率为61.9%。流感病毒B型阳性率最高,为21.8%。流感病毒B型、肺炎支原体、柯萨奇病毒A型在0~3岁婴幼儿感染率高于其他年龄组儿童,肺炎衣原体在6~14岁儿童易感,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。柯萨奇病毒B型、埃可病毒、春季较秋季冬两季高发,肺炎支原体夏季发病率高于其他季节,呼吸道合胞病毒冬季较其他季节高发,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。混合感染呼吸道病毒病例以1种病毒感染最多见。结论 14岁以下儿童感染呼吸道病原体有明显的年龄和季节差异。间接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道病原体及时快速,可为儿科医生提供可靠地诊断依据。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and distribution of respiratory tract pathogens in children in Handan area, to provide accurate and rapid diagnosis for clinic and to guide clinical rational drug use. Methods A total of 1 185 children with upper respiratory tract infection admitted to our hospital from January to December in 2015 were enrolled in this study. IgM antibody against 11 common respiratory pathogens was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and analyzed statistically . Results Among 1 185 cases, 734 cases were positive for IgM antibody of respiratory virus, the total positive rate was 61.9%. The positive rate of influenza B virus was the highest, 21.8%. The infection rates of influenza virus B, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Coxsackievirus A in children aged 0-3 years were higher than those in other age groups, and Chlamydia pneumoniae was susceptible in children aged 6-14 years (P <0.05 ). Coxsackievirus B and Echovirus were higher in spring than in autumn and winter. The incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was higher in summer than in other seasons. The respiratory syncytial virus was more severe in winter than in other seasons (P <0.05). Mixed infection with respiratory virus cases of a virus infection is the most common. Conclusions There are obvious age and season differences in respiratory pathogens in children under 14 years of age. Indirect immunofluorescence detection of respiratory pathogens in a timely and rapid, pediatricians can provide a reliable basis for diagnosis.