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由伽利略、牛顿等人于17世纪创立的经典物理学,经过18世纪在各个基础领域的研究拓展,在19世纪得到了全面、系统和迅速的发展,达到了辉煌的顶峰.到19世纪末,已经建成了一套包括力、热、声、光、电等学科在内的、宏伟完整的理论体系.特别是它的三大支柱(即经典力学、电动力学、热力学和统计力学)已臻于成熟和完善,不仅在理论的表述和结构上十分严谨和完美,而且它们所蕴涵的基本观念都有着坚实的基础.这个基础就是时空是连续的、一切自然的过程都是连续不间断的.这与我们的生活经验一致.汽车在公路上飞驰,鸟儿在蓝天飞翔……显然,这些物体的运动是连续的.日常经验告诉我们:不但物体的运动是连续的,物体性质的变化也是连续的.当我们说气温从20℃上升到30℃时,你会毫不犹豫地判定,在这个过程中气温将经历从20℃到30℃之间的任意值.对于能量的看法也是如此.当我们说足球
The classical physics founded by Galileo and Newton in the 17th century, after extensive research and development in various basic fields in the 18th century, achieved a comprehensive, systematic and rapid development in the 19th century and reached a brilliant peak. By the end of the 19th century, A grand and complete theoretical system has been established, including the disciplines of force, heat, sound, light and electricity, and in particular its three pillars (classical mechanics, electrodynamics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics) have matured And perfection, not only are the rigorous and perfect theoretical expressions and structures, but also the basic concepts they contain have a solid foundation, which is that time and space are continuous and all natural processes are continuous and uninterrupted. Our life experiences are the same: cars fly on the road and birds fly in the sky ... Obviously, the movement of these objects is continuous, and our daily experience tells us that not only the movement of objects is continuous, but also the change of the nature of objects is continuous. When we say that the temperature rises from 20 ° C to 30 ° C, you will not hesitate to decide that the temperature will go anywhere from 20 ° C to 30 ° C in the course of The view is also true. When we say football