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[目的]该试验旨在研究外源基因向非转基因常规栽培稻漂移频率,评估无标记基因抗虫水稻对农业生态环境的潜在风险。[方法]该试验以抗虫转基因水稻华恢1号为研究对象,将几种非转基因常规栽培水稻种植在其周围,按不同距离收集F1代非转基因水稻种子。采用PCR技术对各点收集的水稻种子进行转基因杂种鉴定,统计并分析抗虫转基因水稻中外源基因向非转基因常规栽培水稻漂移的频率。[结果]外源Bt基因向P13381和春江063水稻平均漂移频率皆为0。而抗虫转基因水稻华恢1号与非转基因水稻合系22-2、天香、明恢63和P1157几个品种不同程度地发生了转基因漂移,平均漂移频率最高为0.875%,并且漂移频率随着距离加大而逐渐降低,而在7m以外的所有采样点平均转基因漂移频率为0。[结论]该研究表明抗虫水稻华恢1号外源基因的基因漂移频率非常低,其对生态环境的在风险很小,通过田间合理布局进行物理隔离,保持合适距离,以及科学安排农时,错开花期等方式,能有效控制转基因水稻外源基因漂移和降低因转基因逃逸带来生态风险。
[Objective] The aim of this experiment was to study the frequency of exogenous gene transfer to non-GMO conventional rice and to evaluate the potential risk of GMO-resistant rice to agro-ecological environment. [Method] With the insect-resistant transgenic rice Huahui 1 as the object of study, several non-transgenic conventional rice cultivars were planted around it. The F1 non-transgenic rice seeds were collected at different distances. PCR techniques were used to identify the transgenic hybrids of rice seeds collected at each point, and the frequency of foreign genes in the transgenic insect-resistant rice transgenic to non-transgenic conventional rice cultivars was calculated and analyzed. [Result] The average frequency of exogenous Bt gene to P13381 and Chunjiang 063 rice were all zero. Transgenic drifts were observed in transgenic rice Huahui 1 and non-transgenic rice lines 22-2, Tianxiang, Minghui 63 and P1157 with the highest average drift frequency of 0.875% The distance increased and decreased gradually, while the mean GMO drift frequency was 0 at all sampling points except 7m. [Conclusion] This study showed that the frequency of gene excretion of insect-resistant rice Huaxhui 1 was very low and its risk to the ecological environment was very small. Physical isolation through field reasonable layout, maintaining the proper distance, and staggered Flowering and other methods, can effectively control the exogenous gene transfer in transgenic rice and reduce the ecological risks due to escape of the genetically modified.