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我国的监督体系中有党内监督、人大监督、行政监督、司法监督及舆论监督等。前几项监督根本上是一种权利对权利的制约,具有强制的效力,而舆论监督是从宪法和一些基本法律关于公民自由权利当中引申出来的,是一种软性监督。其中新闻舆论监督又以其影响范围更大、公众参与性更高、干预力更强成为舆论监督的最有力的表现。我国宪法明确规定公民享有言论自由的权利和对于国家机关及其工作人员的批评建议的权利。新闻记者有享有记者的采访权、编辑权、写作权等。本文就是针对新闻舆论监督在中国目前存在的一些问题与解决对策所做的分析讨论。
In our country’s supervision system, there are inner-party supervision, people’s congress supervision, administrative supervision, judicial supervision and public opinion supervision. The first few supervision is essentially a kind of right restricting rights and has mandatory effect. And the supervision of public opinion is derived from the constitution and some basic laws about civil liberties and is a kind of soft supervision. Among them, the media public opinion supervision has its influence range more extensively, the public participation higher and the intervention force stronger and becomes the most powerful manifestation of the public opinion supervision. Our Constitution clearly stipulates that citizens have the right to freedom of expression and the right to criticize and advise state organs and their staff. Journalists have access to press interviews, editing rights, writing rights and so on. This essay analyzes and discusses some problems existing in the supervision of news media in China and their countermeasures.