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目的了解吉林市学龄前儿童骨密度水平及其影响因素。方法选取2013年4月-12月在该院进行常规体检的学龄前儿童792例,采用超声骨密度仪获得骨定量超声传播速度并计算Z值,评估儿童骨密度水平;使用自制的问卷对儿童的居住地区、年龄、身高、体重、日常生活方式等可能影响骨密度的因素进行调查,统计分析以上因素与儿童骨密度水平之间的相关性。结果年龄≤3岁儿童中骨密度异常比例明显低于年龄在3~6岁间的儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别学龄前儿童骨密度异常比例比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。混合喂养儿童的骨密度异常发生率明显高于母乳喂养及人工喂养儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);母乳喂养和人工喂养之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。年龄、身体质量指数、日常户外活动为学龄前儿童骨密度的独立影响因素。结论农村地区、3~6岁儿童、身体质量指数偏高、户外活动少的学龄前儿童为骨密度异常的高发群体,应采取适当的干预措施。
Objective To understand the bone mineral density and its influencing factors in preschool children in Jilin City. Methods A total of 792 pre-school children were enrolled in this hospital from April 2013 to December 2013. Ultrasound bone densitometry was used to obtain the quantitative bone conduction velocity and to calculate the Z value. The bone mineral density (BMD) in children was assessed. Living area, age, height, weight, daily life and other factors that may affect the bone mineral density were investigated, and statistical analysis of the above factors and the correlation between children’s bone mineral density. Results The proportion of abnormal bone mineral density in children younger than 3 years old was significantly lower than that of children aged 3-6 years old (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of abnormalities of bone mineral density between preschool children of different sexes (P> 0.05). The incidence of abnormal bone mineral density in mixed feeding children was significantly higher than that of breastfeeding and artificial feeding children (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between breast feeding and artificial feeding (P> 0.05). Age, body mass index, and daily outdoor activities were independent influencing factors of bone mineral density in preschool children. Conclusions In rural areas, preschoolers aged 3-6 years old with high body mass index and few outdoor activities are high risk groups with abnormal bone mineral density. Appropriate intervention measures should be taken.