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依照主语与谓语动词的不同关系,句式有主动与被动之分。主动句式和被动句式是两种互相对立、又互相依存并在一定条件下可以互相转化的陈述方法。这两种句式在汉语发展的历史长河中,其地位并不相同。正如朱自清先生所指出的那样:汉语“少用被动句”,也就是说,主动句式在陈述中居于主导地位。被动句式的数量虽然一直比主动句少,但是它在汉语表达中还是越来越常见。如果我们作一下历史比较就可以发现,被动句式的句义表达在不断发展,使用范围在不断扩大。本文就此,试论一二。
According to the different relations between subject and predicate verb, sentence has active and passive points. Active Sentence Patterns and Passive Sentence Patterns are two kinds of representations that are mutually antagonistic and mutually interdependent and can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. These two kinds of sentences have different status in the long history of Chinese language development. As pointed out by Zhu Ziqing: The Chinese “less passive sentences”, that is, active sentences in the statement dominates. Although the number of passive sentences has been less than the active sentence, but it is still more and more common in the Chinese expression. If we make some historical comparisons, we can find out that the syntactic expressions of passive sentences are constantly developing and their scope of application is constantly expanding. This article on this, try one or two.