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一、引言剩余劳动是发展中国家二元经济结构的重要特征,剩余劳动由传统经济部门向现代经济部门的转移被视为经济发展的主题。剩余劳动数量的减少以至消失,是经济发展成功的主要标志。因此,准确地估算剩余劳动对于制定经济发展政策有重要的现实意义。然而,在剩余劳动理论发展的过程中,对于剩余劳动的准确定义、产生的原因以及是否存在剩余劳动,都有过激烈的争论,这些争论促进了剩余劳动理论的发展,但并没有形成完全的共识。不同的作者从不同的假定出发,提出不同的剩余劳动概念,产生了不同的估算方法和结果。然而,只有明确不同估算方法所使用的概念及其
I. Introduction Surplus labor is an important feature of the dual economic structure of developing countries. The transfer of surplus labor from the traditional economic sectors to the modern economic sectors is regarded as the theme of economic development. The reduction or even the disappearance of the surplus labor is the main symbol of the success of economic development. Therefore, accurately estimating surplus labor has important practical significance for formulating economic development policies. However, during the development of the theory of surplus labor, there have been heated debates over the precise definition of surplus labor, its causes and the existence of surplus labor. These debates promoted the development of the theory of surplus labor but did not form a complete consensus. Different authors, starting from different assumptions, propose different concepts of surplus labor and produce different estimation methods and results. However, only the concepts used in the different estimation methods and their definitions are clear