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选用1950~2010年具有代表性的11个品种,设置4个种植密度,测定株高、穗位高、果穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数指标的整齐度。结果表明,随着品种的更替,株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数的整齐度明显提高,株高整齐度的提升最为突出。随着种植密度的提高,玉米的群体整齐度下降,现代品种对增密响应更加明显;同等密度条件下,现代品种的群体整齐度均高于早期品种。相关分析表明,玉米产量与株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数性状的整齐度具有明显正相关关系。玉米产量提升过程与品种的群体整齐度同步,株高、穗位高整齐度是最为直观的评价指标,通过品种改良和种植技术的改进提高群体的整齐度是进一步提升产量的技术途径之一。
11 representative cultivars from 1950 to 2010 were selected and 4 planting densities were set. The uniformity of indicators such as plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, ear number and grain number were determined. The results showed that the uniformity of plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, ear number, grain number increased obviously with the variety alternation, and the improvement of plant uniformity was the most prominent. With the increase of planting density, the uniformity of maize decreased, and the response of modern varieties to densification was more obvious. Under the same densities, the uniformity of modern varieties was higher than that of early varieties. Correlation analysis showed that there was a clear positive correlation between maize yield and plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, ear number, grain number trait uniformity. The maize yield increasing process is synchronized with the uniformity of breed groups. The plant height and ear height uniformity are the most direct evaluation indexes. It is one of the technical ways to further improve the yield by improving varieties and improving planting techniques.