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本文根据1957—1976年太平洋的月平均海平面气压和海温资料,分析了赤道东部海温与北太平洋海平面气压场的时滞相关。发现赤道海温的变化,就北太平洋而言,主要是受该洋东南部低层副热带及气旋的控制,而赤道海温对副热带高压的反馈,主要是发生在太平洋中部对流层副热带高压中心附近地区。赤道海温向副热带反气旋调整的时间平均为二个月左右,而副热带高压向赤道海温调整的时间平均为四个月左右。前者比后者更快。它们之间相互影响、相互调整形成了一种闭合的负反馈过程。整个过程约历时22个月左右,大致相当于北太平洋副热带高压和赤道海温共有的3.5年振荡周期一半的时间。
Based on the monthly average sea level pressure and sea temperature data from 1957 to 1976 in the Pacific Ocean, this paper analyzes the time-lag correlation between the sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific and the pressure field in the North Pacific. The change of the equatorial SST was found to be mainly controlled by the lower subtropical and cyclone in the southeastern part of the Pacific Ocean. The feedback of the equatorial SST to the subtropical high mainly occurred in the vicinity of the mid-tropopause subtropical high in the central Pacific Ocean. The mean time of adjustment of equatorial SST to subtropical anticyclones is about two months, while the adjustment of subtropical high to equatorial SST averages about four months. The former is faster than the latter. They affect each other and adjust each other to form a closed negative feedback process. The whole process takes about 22 months or so, roughly equivalent to half the time of the 3.5 year oscillation period shared by the North Pacific subtropical high and the equatorial SST.