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泛素-蛋白酶体系统是真核细胞内重要的蛋白质降解系统,参与调节细胞周期、基因转录、抗原递呈、细胞增生与分化以及信号转导等各种病理生理过程.泛素-蛋白酶体功能异常与肿瘤、神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病等多种疾病致病机制相关.近年来,越来越多的研究也证实泛素-蛋白酶体系统存在于视网膜中,一些视网膜损伤在退行性疾病人群中同步出现.泛素-蛋白酶体系统参与视网膜氧化应激、炎症反应、血管新生、神经损伤、信号转导等病理生理过程.在糖尿病视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性、视网膜色素变性等疾病的发生和发展过程中,核因子κB(NF-κB)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、活性氧簇(ROS)等一些信号通路起重要作用,其蛋白质的降解和合成失衡对视网膜疾病的病理生理过程产生重大影响.应用蛋白酶体抑制剂可以减轻网膜病变炎症等病理改变.本文对泛素-蛋白酶体系统在视网膜病变中的作用及机制进行综述.“,”Ubiquitin-proteasome system ( UPS ) is the important protein degradation system in eukaryotic cells,participates in cell cycle, gene transcription, antigen-presenting, cell proliferation and differentiation, signal transduction and many other physiological processes. UPS dysfunction relates to pathogenic mechanisms in a variety of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disease. In recent years, more and more researches confirmed that UPS exists in the retina,some retinal damage appeared in patients with neurodegenerative conditions. UPS is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, macular pigment degeneration and other retinal diseases by regulating retinal oxidative stress,inflammation,angiogenesis,nerve damage,signal transduction and so on. Some signaling pathways,such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB),transforming growth factor-β ( TGF-β) and reactive oxygen species ( ROS) play an important role. Their proteins degradation and synthesis of imbalances have a significant impact on the pathophysiological process of retinal diseases. Proteasome inhibitors can reduce inflammation pathological changes in retinal lesions. This review focused on the research progress of UPS in the development of retinopathy.