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栎属植物的橡子常常受到象甲的侵害,对橡子存活产生影响,但有关橡子对象甲幼虫适合度影响的研究尚未见报道。本研究旨在通过对槲栎 Quercus aliena 种子雨进程以及象甲幼虫逃逸过程的调查,研究二者之间的进化适应关系。结果表明: 当年槲栎的种子产量为51. 92 ±29. 26 粒/m2,虫蛀率达到42. 4%。虫蛀的橡子中65%以上被象甲超寄生,且显著大于完好的橡子。在种子下落过程中,早期从橡子中逃逸的象甲幼虫要比后期逃逸的大。对某一超寄生的橡子而言,首先逃逸出的象甲幼虫要比随后逃逸的幼虫大。另外,从早期脱落的橡子中逃逸的幼虫明显小于后期脱落的橡子。象甲幼虫的干重随着橡子内象甲幼虫数量的增加而显著下降。象甲幼虫寄生数量与橡子的长径和短径呈现明显的正相关关系。尽管超寄生降低了象甲虫的适合度,但雌性成体象甲产卵过程中偏好选择大橡子在一定程度上可以减少这种不利影响。因此,小橡子可能更容易逃脱象甲的超寄生而获得较大的存活机会。
The acorns of Quercus acutissima are often infested by the weevil and have an impact on the survival of the acarus. However, there is no report about the influence of the fit on the larvae of Acorns. The purpose of this study is to investigate the evolutionary adaptation between Quercus aliena and Quercus aliena through the investigation of the process of seed rain and the escape of elephants. The results showed that the seed yield of Quercus acutissima in that year was 51. 92 ± 29. 26 grains / m2 with the rate of 42.4%. More than 65% of moth-eaten acorns are super-parasitic, and are significantly larger than intact acorns. Elephas larvae that escaped from acorns early in the seeding process were larger than later. For some super-parasitic acorns, elephants that escape first are larger than larvae that subsequently escape. In addition, the number of larvae escaping from the earlier-released acorns is significantly smaller than the late-released acorns. The dry weight of elephant larvae decreased significantly as the number of elephant larvae in the acorn increased. The number of parasitoid larvae showed a significant positive correlation with the long and short diameters of aconites. Although hypostasis reduces the suitability of a beetle, the preference of large acarids in female adults for the process of laying eggs can reduce this adverse effect to some extent. As a result, young acorn may be more likely to escape the metaphase of armor A and gain greater chance of survival.