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目的：测定首发精神分裂症患者血清白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）及白介素-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1Rα）水平，分析其与临床特征的关系。方法入组符合ICD-10精神分裂症诊断的首发患者及正常对照，测定血清IL-1β及IL-1Rα水平，比较两组间差异，统计其与阳性与阴性症状量表（Postive and negative syndrome scale ，PANSS）得分、疾病未治期及个人与社会功能量表得分的相关性。结果纳入病例组47例及对照组32例；病例组血清IL-1β水平较对照组高（P＜0.01）；患者血清IL-1β水平与PANSS总分相关，但程度低（r=0.378，P＜0.01），与阴性症状得分呈低度相关（r=0.366，P＜0.05）。血清IL-1Rα水平与阴性症状得分呈低度负相关（r=-0.385，P＜0.01）。结论白介素-1可能参与精神分裂症的发病机制，且与疾病的严重程度有关。“,”Objective:To compare interleukin-1beta(IL-1β) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist α(IL-1Rα)levels of first-episode schizophrenia patients and health control and to explore their relation with clinical features.Methods: Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia of ICD-10 and health controls were enroled. Serum concentration of IL-1βand IL-1Rαwere determined and compared between the two groups. The levels of IL-1βand IL-1Rα were anaylized with scores of (Postive and negative syndrome scale ,PANSS),time of untreated episode and score of social functions.Results:Forty-seven patients with schizophrenia and 32 health controls were enroled. The level of IL-1βwas higher in patients(P<0.01).It was mildly related to the total score of PANSS(r=0.366,P<0.05)and score of negative subscale(r=0.366,P<0.05). The level of IL-1Rα was mildly and neagtively correlated to score of negative subscale(r=-0.385,P<0.01). Conclusions:IL-1 may have relationship with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and severe of clinical syndrome.