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以单施有机肥(CK)为对照,研究了单施生物菌肥、单施化肥及化肥+生物菌肥混合施用等3种不同处理对辣椒根际土壤微生物组成和酶活性变化的影响。结果表明,单施菌肥处理中,辣椒根际土壤细菌和真菌数量较CK显著增加,增幅分别达到49.46%和40.25%,放线菌数量有所下降;菌肥+化肥处理中,细菌数量较CK增加了16.55%,放线菌和真菌数量有所减少;纯化肥处理中,细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均显著下降。施用菌肥后土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性均较CK显著增加。其中单施菌肥处理土壤中,过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性均较CK大幅增加,分别增加了33.9%、396.4%和30.1%。施用生物菌肥可增加土壤微生物功能群数量,改善土壤微生态环境和土壤氮素营养循环,提高土壤酶活性和土壤肥力。
The effects of single application of organic fertilizer, single application of chemical fertilizers and chemical fertilizer + biological fertilizer on the changes of microbial composition and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil of pepper were studied using single organic fertilizer (CK) as control. The results showed that compared with CK, the number of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere soil of pepper increased significantly, reaching 49.46% and 40.25%, respectively, and the number of actinomycetes decreased. In the treatment of bacterial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, the number of bacteria CK increased by 16.55%, the number of actinomycetes and fungi decreased; the amount of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in pure fertilizer treatment decreased significantly. Compared with CK, the activities of catalase, urease, protease and phosphatase in soil increased significantly after applying the fertilizer. Among them, the activity of catalase, urease and protease in soil treated with single fertilizer was significantly increased by 33.9%, 396.4% and 30.1% respectively compared with CK. Application of biological bacterial fertilizer can increase the number of microbial communities in soil, improve soil micro-ecological environment and soil nitrogen nutrient cycle, improve soil enzyme activity and soil fertility.