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历史动因与现实思考农村卫生工作改革是与农村经济改革同步开始的,这正是经济基础决定上层建筑的集中体现和必然趋势。1982年,广大农村实行以家庭为单位的联产承包责任制,使农业生产发生了巨大变化。与此同时,建立在原来生产关系基础上的农村教育、科技、卫生管理体制也相继揭开了改革的序幕。农村卫生改革是从打破国家统包统管办医模式,实行全方位调动卫生资源,挖掘社会潜力,搞活卫生管理体制开始的。这对于冲破“左”的路线桎梏,调动积极因素是有作用的,应予以肯定。所以,改革后的短短几年内,基层卫生组织就发生了很大变化:
Historical motives and realistic thinking Rural health reforms started simultaneously with rural economic reforms. This is precisely the economic foundation that determines the superstructure’s concentrated expression and inevitable trend. In 1982, the majority of rural areas implemented the household contract responsibility system for joint production, which resulted in great changes in agricultural production. At the same time, the rural education, science and technology, and health management systems that were established on the basis of the original relations of production have also opened the prelude to reforms. The rural health reform started by breaking the country’s model of administering the hospital through unified management, implementing comprehensive mobilization of health resources, tapping social potential, and invigorating the health management system. This has a role in breaking through the “leftist” route and mobilizing positive factors and should be affirmed. Therefore, in the short period of several years after the reform, the grassroots health organizations have undergone major changes: