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通过野外模拟降雨试验,对比分析了弃土弃渣体、煤矸石与原生地面的径流产沙规律。结果表明:(1)原生地面产流量随时间变化较小,煤矸石产流量随时间递增,弃土弃渣体产流量在产流开始后6 min内波动较大,随后趋于稳定。原生地面和弃土弃渣体的稳定产流量与雨强呈显著的线性关系;(2)原生地面及煤矸石的侵蚀发生于整个降雨过程,弃土弃渣废弃堆积体的侵蚀主要发生在产流初期。弃土体在产流开始后的0~6 min内侵蚀速率显著递增,6~15 min内缓慢递减,15 min后达到相对稳定。弃渣体的侵蚀速率分两个阶段:产流开始后0~6 min内,侵蚀速率较大,且随雨强变化波动明显,6 min后达到相对稳定;(3)原生地面、弃土体及沙少石多弃渣体的侵蚀总量与雨强、径流总量均分别呈线性函数、指数函数和线性函数关系;(4)与原生地面相比,煤矸石的侵蚀总量和径流总量分别减少了86.53%~98.41%和26.42%~71.39%,弃土弃渣体的新增侵蚀总量和新增径流总量为原生地面的2.25~631.59倍和-0.01~10.57倍。因此,矿区需要做好弃土弃渣堆积体的防护工作,以减缓其严重的水土流失。
Through field simulated rainfall test, the rules of runoff and sediment production of spoil, coal gangue and primary ground were compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) Primary surface runoff changes little with time, and coal gangue runoff increases with time. The runoff of spoil and waste body fluctuates within 6 min after the start of runoff and then tends to be stable. There was a significant linear relationship between the steady flow rate of primary and abandoned spoil body and rainfall intensity. (2) The erosion of primary ground and coal gangue occurred during the whole rainfall process. Early flow. The erosion rate of abandoned soil body increased significantly within 0 ~ 6 min after the start of runoff, decreased slowly within 6 ~ 15 min and reached a relatively stable level after 15 min. The erosion rate of waste slag body is divided into two stages: within 0 ~ 6 min after the start of runoff, the erosion rate is larger and fluctuates obviously with the change of rainfall intensity, reaching relatively stable after 6 min; (3) (4) Compared with the primary ground, the total amount of erosion and the total runoff of coal gangue The amount of newly added erosion and the total amount of newly added runoff of spoil bodies were 2.25-631.59 times and -0.01-10.57 times that of the original ground respectively. Therefore, the mining area need to do a good job in the protection of spoil debris accumulation body to mitigate its serious soil erosion.