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国际经验表明,利用外资在客观上具有双重效应。但许多国家对利用外资的正效应强调有余,对其负效应却重视不够,以致引发了诸如加剧国内通货膨胀和外汇收支失衡、冲击国内企业等问题。特别值得指出的是,一些发展中国家在投资规划上急于求成,超国力地引进外资,造成债务负担沉重和国内通货膨胀恶性发展,巴西就是其中一个突出典型。然而,日本引进外资重视适应国内承受能力,合理规划,科学管理,严格把关,使引进外资真正成为经济振兴和产业结构升级换代的推动力,并成功地扼制了引进外资可能产生的负效应。
International experience shows that the objective of using foreign capital has a double effect. However, many countries emphasize the positive effects of using foreign capital while not paying enough attention to their negative effects. This has led to such problems as exacerbating domestic inflation and foreign exchange imbalances and affecting domestic enterprises. What deserves particular mention is that some developing countries are anxiously seeking investment plans and introducing foreign investment beyond their means. As a result, Brazil is one of the outstanding examples of the heavy debt burden and the vicious development of domestic inflation. However, the importance of Japan’s introduction of foreign investment in adapting to its domestic capacity, rational planning, scientific management and strict checks made it virtually the driving force for economic rejuvenation and upgrading of the industrial structure, and succeeded in curbing the possible negative effects of introducing foreign capital.