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基因芯片是用微阵列技术将大量ＤＮＡ片段通过机器人或原位合成方式以一定的顺序或排列方式使其附着在如玻璃、硅等固相表面制成的高密度ＤＮＡ微点阵。用荧光物质标记的探针,借助碱基互补原理与基因芯片杂交,可进行大量的基因表达及监测等方面的研究,基因芯片技术在基因诊断、基因表达、基因突变、发现新基因及各种病原体的诊断等生物医学领域中具有重大的应用价值。本文简要综述基因芯片的分类、制作原理及基因芯片技术在恶性血液系统疾病研究中的应用。
Gene chip is a high-density DNA microarray made by attaching a large number of DNA fragments to a solid surface such as glass or silicon in a certain order or arrangement by means of robotic or in situ synthesis using microarray technology. Probes labeled with fluorescent substances can hybridize with gene chips using the principle of base-complementation to perform a large number of gene expression and monitoring studies. Gene chip technology is used in gene diagnosis, gene expression, gene mutation, discovery of new genes and various The diagnosis of pathogens and other biomedical fields have great application value. This article briefly reviews the classification, production principle of gene chips and the application of gene chip technology in the study of malignant hematological diseases.