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厌氧发酵生产沼气是处理有机废弃物的理想方式,农田施用沼气残余物,对于节约能源和养分资源循环利用有着重要意义。从沼气残余物的特性,施用后对土壤微生物、土壤质量、作物产量和品质及养分吸收的影响,沼气残余物肥用后期处理技术及施用技术等方面讨论了农田施用沼气残余物的研究热点。沼气残余物既可作肥料,提高作物产量;又可作土壤调理剂,改善土壤肥力。采用浅层注射施肥技术代替普通撒施和条施方法施用沼气残余物,可以降低氨挥发损失,发挥其最佳肥效。通过后期堆肥处理,可以提高沼肥质量并降低农田施用的氮淋溶损失。分子生物学方法有助于分析复杂的土壤微生物特性,在施用沼气残余物土壤质量早期监测上应该进一步探索利用。
Biogas production by anaerobic fermentation is an ideal way to dispose of organic wastes. The application of biogas residue to farmland is of great significance for energy conservation and recycling of nutrient resources. The biogas residues from farmland are discussed in terms of the characteristics of biogas residues, the influence on the soil microorganism, soil quality, crop yield and quality and nutrient absorption after application, the post-treatment technology and application technology of biogas residue fertilizer. Biogas residue can be used as fertilizer to increase crop yield; but also as a soil conditioner to improve soil fertility. The use of shallow injection fertilization technology to replace common sap and strip application of biogas residue can reduce ammonia volatilization loss and exert its best effect. Through the post-composting treatment, the quality of biogas fertilizer can be improved and the nitrogen leaching loss in farmland can be reduced. Molecular biology methods can be used to analyze complex microbial characteristics of soils, and further exploration and utilization of soil quality during biogas residue removals should be explored.