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首先我们应该指出,白银为西班牙帝国所提供的财富被夸大了。而获得这种财富所需要的投资,则经常被低估。这也许是哈布斯堡王朝最大的失算。一五五四年,美洲财富仅占查理五世财政收入的11%。到了其子腓力二世时,美洲白银产量大增。但美洲白银在腓力二世的财政收入中,也难得达到25%。不过,在封建的财政框架中,美洲白银比这些比例所显示出的意义要重要得多。如上所述,封建传统对君主有强大的约束。对内征税,特别是非常性赋税,要由议会批准。即使是以橡皮图章著称的卡斯蒂利亚议会,也经常在税收上和王室对立。
First of all we should point out that the wealth silver provides to the Spanish Empire is exaggerated. The investment needed to secure this wealth is often undervalued. This may be the biggest miscalculation of the Habsburgs. In 1554, the wealth of the Americas accounted for only 11% of Charles V’s fiscal revenue. At the time of his son Philip II, the production of silver in the Americas soared. But it is rare for American Silver to earn 25% of Philip’s financial revenues. However, in the feudal fiscal framework, the silver of the Americas is more important than the significance of these proportions. As mentioned above, feudal traditions have strong constraints on monarchs. Internal taxation, especially extraordinary taxation, is subject to parliamentary approval. Even the Castilian Parliament, best known for its rubber stamps, is often taxed against the royal family.