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维生素A(VA),是维持生长、生殖和暗视觉功能的必需物质,具有调节和控制多种组织和上皮细胞分化的作用。由于发现VA缺乏可使上皮细胞癌变率增加,人们开始对VA及其类似物对癌的预防和治疗作用发生兴趣。大量实验证明,VA及其衍生物可以有效地预防和治疗多种化学致癌剂诱发的肿瘤,并可将癌前期细胞逆转为正常细胞。为了寻找高效、低毒的化合物,化学家对VA分子进行多方面结构改造,获得了多种维生素A结构类似物,这些化合物统称为维生素A类或视黄醇类化合物(retinoids,RN)。
Vitamin A (VA), which is essential for maintaining growth, reproduction and dark vision, regulates and controls the differentiation of multiple tissues and epithelial cells. Because VA deficiency is found to increase the rate of epithelial cancers, interest in the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of VA and its analogues on cancer has been initiated. A large number of experiments show that VA and its derivatives can effectively prevent and treat many kinds of chemical carcinogen-induced tumors and can reverse precancerous cells to normal cells. In an effort to find efficient, low-toxic compounds, chemists have restructured VA molecules in many ways and obtained several structural analogues of vitamin A, collectively known as retinoids (A) or retinoids (RN).