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凡分子中具有N-甲基取代结构的吗啡类生物碱如吗啡、可待因、氢吗啡酮和左啡诺,均有较强的镇痛作用,也容易引起欣快感、滥用倾向、生理依赖性、呼吸抑制和便秘。新一类化合物包括喷他佐辛(镇痛新)、环佐辛、纳布啡和布托啡诺,它们分子中保留了吗啡类的4-苯基哌啶母核,但N-甲基被二甲丙烯基、环丙甲基或环丁甲基取代,此类化合物的不良作用得到不同程度的改善,但有一定的致焦虑作用,人们通常把此类化合物称作激动/拮抗混合作用镇痛药。托那佐辛(To-
Morphine alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, hydromorphone and levorphanol, all of which have N-methyl substitution structure in their molecule, have strong analgesic effect and easily lead to euphoria, abuse tendency and physiological dependence Sex, Respiratory depression and Constipation. A new class of compounds include pentazocine (neovagina), cyclozocine, nalbuphine and butorphanol, which retain the morphine-like 4-phenylpiperidine nucleus in their molecule, but the N-methyl Dimethylallyl, cyclopropylmethyl or cyclobutylmethyl, the adverse effects of these compounds have been improved to varying degrees, but with some anxiety effects, and these compounds are commonly referred to as agonist / antagonist combination analgesics . To-