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用6个玉米自交系和杂交种为材料,分析籽粒发育阶段干物质积累的速度和持续时间、同工酶及可溶性蛋白质的变化。观察到胚乳,胚和籽粒发育过程中的干物质积累变化为“S”形曲线,平均日增重为“双峰”曲线。据此,将其发育过程分为四个时期,即(1)缓慢增重期(0～15天),(2)线性增重期Ⅰ(16～30天),(3)线性增重期Ⅱ(31～45天),(4)成熟期(46天以后)。同时用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及光密度扫描方法,相应地定株检测了过氧化物酶、细胞色素氧化酶、α-淀粉酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、酯酶等的同工酶及可溶性蛋白质的变化。观察到(1)期同工酶和蛋白质带数少,活性(含量)较低。(2)期同工酶和蛋白质条带及活性(含量)都急剧增加,以脱氢酶类为甚。(3)期除酯酶等水解酶类条带和活性继续增加外,其余都开始降低。(4)期除酯酶外,其它同工酶和蛋白质条带及活性(含量)显著减少。此变化与干物质积累“S”形变化相一致。有一些同工酶酶带的变化更为显著。如α-淀粉酶Amy1-A和Amy1-B活性是在授粉后5～15天内急剧变化的;胚乳中P_x5、P_x6和P_x7按(1)、(2)和(3)期的顺序显现,而胚中(1)期不具有P_x5、P_x6和P_x7,(2)期以后开始出现,但P_x14、P_x15、P_x16和P_x17在(3)期后缺失。
Six maize inbred lines and hybrids were used as materials to analyze the changes of dry matter accumulation speed and duration, isozymes and soluble protein during grain development. Changes in dry matter accumulation during endosperm, embryo and grain development were observed as “S” shaped curves with average daily gain as a “bimodal” curve. Accordingly, the development process is divided into four periods, namely (1) slow weight gain period (0-15 days), (2) linear weight gain period I (16-30 days), (3) Ⅱ (31 ~ 45 days), (4) maturity (46 days later). At the same time, the activity of peroxidase, cytochrome oxidase, α-amylase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and esterase were tested by vertical plate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and optical density scanning method Such as isozymes and soluble protein changes. It is observed that (1) isozymes and protein bands are few and the activity (content) is low. (2) The isozymes and protein bands and activity (content) are dramatically increased to dehydrogenase enzymes is even more. (3) In addition to esterases and other hydrolase enzymes bands and activity continue to increase, the rest began to decrease. (4) In addition to esterase, other isozymes and protein bands and activity (content) significantly reduced. This change is consistent with the “S” shape change of dry matter accumulation. Some isoenzyme bands change more significantly. The activities of a-amylase Amy1-A and Amy1-B varied dramatically within 5 to 15 days after pollination; P_x5, P_x6 and P_x7 in the endosperm appeared in the order of (1), (2) and (3) Embryonic (1) stage did not have P_x5, P_x6 and P_x7, and began to appear after stage (2), but P_x14, P_x15, P_x16 and P_x17 were deleted after stage (3).