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目的:确定三级跳远助跑最后一步着陆时水平和垂直速度对三级跳的远度和最佳阶段比的影响。方法:从比赛中获取13位高水平男子三级跳远运动员的三维运动学数据。通过计算机模拟方法,用三级跳远生物力学模型确定最长实际距离,即通过改变助跑最后一步着陆时的水平和垂直速度来获取最佳阶段比。结果:当助跑最后一步着陆时水平速度增加(p=0.001)相应的向下垂直速度降低(p=0.001)时,使用最佳阶段比获得的实际距离显著增加。增加助跑最后一步着陆时水平速度会降低最优单脚跳比率,并增加最优双脚跳比率(p=0.001);同时,降低相应的向下垂直速度则会增加最优单脚跳比率,但减少最优双脚跳比率(p=0.001)。结论:三级跳远助跑最后一步着陆时的速度对最佳阶段比的影响总体上很小,不会明显改变最佳技术。
Aims: To determine the effect of horizontal and vertical velocities on the distance and optimal stage ratio of triple jump when the final step of triple jump jump is landed. Methods: Three-dimensional kinematic data of 13 high-level male triple jumpers were obtained from the competition. Through computer simulation, the longest physical distance is determined using the triple jump biomechanical model, ie, the best phase ratio is obtained by changing the horizontal and vertical velocities at the landing last step of the run. Results: The actual distance obtained using the optimal phase ratio increased significantly when the corresponding vertical downward velocity was reduced (p = 0.001) as the final step of the run was landed. Increasing run-up The final step-down horizontal speed will reduce the optimal hop ratio and increase the optimal hop ratio (p = 0.001); at the same time, lowering the corresponding vertical velocities will increase the optimal hop ratio, But reduced the optimal ratio of both feet (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The impact of the speed at the final landing of the triple jump approach on the best phase ratio is generally small and does not significantly change the best technique.