论文部分内容阅读
[考题回放]
例1 （2016·全国卷Ⅰ）
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires， Asia’s biggest building， and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me， pandas are its top 61 （attract）.
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base， where ticket money helps pay for research， I 62 （allow） to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow， I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 （official） given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 . my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 （permit） to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 （introduce） British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit， I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 （it） mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 （day） with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed， 70 other is with mum—she never suspects.
答案 61. attraction；62. was allowed；63. officially；64. to；65. when；66. permitted；67. introducing；68. its；69. days；70. the。
试题分析 这是一篇介绍成都熊猫基地的短文，讲述了作者拜访熊猫基地的经历。所以文章的时态可以确定为一般过去时。
根据所给单词的基本形式提示可判断的有61（考词性转换，动词变名词）；62（考时态和语态。“被允许做……”为be allowed to do）；63（考形容词变副词）；66，67（考非谓语动词，66为过去分词做后置定语，67为介词后接动名词）；68（考形容词性物主代词）；69（考名词复数）。
根据上下文语境提示可判断的有64（考介词固定搭配go back to），65（考定语从句），70（考冠词one ...，the other ... “一个……，另一个……”）。
例2 （2016·全国卷Ⅱ）
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work， you should take a step back and identify （识别） those of 61 （great） and less importance. Then， handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 （achieve）. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 （be） often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So， get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 66 （study） show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 （regular）. Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while， exercising， or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office， you’ll be less likely 69 （bring） your work home. It could be anything—gardening， cooking， music， sports—but whatever it is， 70 （make） sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 答案 61. greater；62. achievement；63. is；64. on；65. as；66. studies；67. regularly；68. a；69. to bring；70. make。
试题分析 这是一篇介绍工作压力大时如何合理释放压力的说明文，文章时态可确定为一般现在时。无提示词填空题考到了固定搭配be focused on ...“集中注意力于……”、as ... as possible“尽可能……”、介词短语for a while“一会儿”。
有提示词填空题考到了形容词比较级、动词变名词、形容词变副词、句子结构和主谓一致、名词复数、固定搭配be likely to do sth.和祈使句。
全国卷Ⅱ相对全国卷Ⅰ较容易，考点和填空设置都很基础，难度不大。
[解题策略]
高考无提示词（语境提示）一般设空3～4个，有提示词（单词提示）一般设空6～7个。
1. 无提示词（语境提示）考查一般为冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、关系词、固定搭配、特殊句式等。解题时要注意分析句子结构，确定填哪类词，然后根据句意和语境，确定答案。
例3 （2014·全国卷Ⅱ） There were many people waiting at the bus stop， ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.
解析 and。There were many people waiting at the bus stop是个完整的句子，some of them looked very anxious and disappointed也是个完整的句子，两句之间是并列关系。
例4 （2015·全国卷Ⅱ） The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ______ most modern of architects and engineers.
解析 the。这里名词由形容词的最高级修饰，用定冠词。
2. 有提示词（单词提示）考查一般为谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。提示词给出动词基本形式时，考虑填词性词形转换形式（转为名词、形容词）、语动词形式（注意时态语态）、非谓语动词形式（现在分词或过去分词）。
提示词给出的不是动词时，考虑词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转换，名词的复数形式，形容词比较级、最高级，词形变化如反义词（前缀）。
例5 （2015·全国卷Ⅰ） Abercrombie & Kent， a travel company in Hong Kong， says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ______ （live） in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
解析 living。现在分词living作定语，修饰中心词people，指住在上海和香港的人。
例6 （2015·全国卷Ⅰ） Finally， their hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______ （clean） than ever.
解析 cleaner。根据后面比较级的标志词than，应使用比较级。
例7 （2015·全国卷Ⅱ） As ______ （nature） architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
解析 natural。名词前用形容词修饰。
[备考反思]
语法填空是语境和语法的综合。要做好语法填空题，理解文章是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、语法知识是保证。
在备考复习中，同学们要熟练掌握考纲词汇，尤其是高频词的拼写、词性、变化形式，以及常用词汇的用法。同时加强语法基础，进行句子结构的系统训练，尤其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析。注意特殊句式。做题时要拼写正确、书写规范，减少非智力因素造成的丢分。
例1 （2016·全国卷Ⅰ）
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires， Asia’s biggest building， and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me， pandas are its top 61 （attract）.
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base， where ticket money helps pay for research， I 62 （allow） to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow， I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 （official） given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 . my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 （permit） to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 （introduce） British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit， I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 （it） mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 （day） with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed， 70 other is with mum—she never suspects.
答案 61. attraction；62. was allowed；63. officially；64. to；65. when；66. permitted；67. introducing；68. its；69. days；70. the。
试题分析 这是一篇介绍成都熊猫基地的短文，讲述了作者拜访熊猫基地的经历。所以文章的时态可以确定为一般过去时。
根据所给单词的基本形式提示可判断的有61（考词性转换，动词变名词）；62（考时态和语态。“被允许做……”为be allowed to do）；63（考形容词变副词）；66，67（考非谓语动词，66为过去分词做后置定语，67为介词后接动名词）；68（考形容词性物主代词）；69（考名词复数）。
根据上下文语境提示可判断的有64（考介词固定搭配go back to），65（考定语从句），70（考冠词one ...，the other ... “一个……，另一个……”）。
例2 （2016·全国卷Ⅱ）
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work， you should take a step back and identify （识别） those of 61 （great） and less importance. Then， handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 （achieve）. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 （be） often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So， get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 66 （study） show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 （regular）. Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while， exercising， or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office， you’ll be less likely 69 （bring） your work home. It could be anything—gardening， cooking， music， sports—but whatever it is， 70 （make） sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 答案 61. greater；62. achievement；63. is；64. on；65. as；66. studies；67. regularly；68. a；69. to bring；70. make。
试题分析 这是一篇介绍工作压力大时如何合理释放压力的说明文，文章时态可确定为一般现在时。无提示词填空题考到了固定搭配be focused on ...“集中注意力于……”、as ... as possible“尽可能……”、介词短语for a while“一会儿”。
有提示词填空题考到了形容词比较级、动词变名词、形容词变副词、句子结构和主谓一致、名词复数、固定搭配be likely to do sth.和祈使句。
全国卷Ⅱ相对全国卷Ⅰ较容易，考点和填空设置都很基础，难度不大。
[解题策略]
高考无提示词（语境提示）一般设空3～4个，有提示词（单词提示）一般设空6～7个。
1. 无提示词（语境提示）考查一般为冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、关系词、固定搭配、特殊句式等。解题时要注意分析句子结构，确定填哪类词，然后根据句意和语境，确定答案。
例3 （2014·全国卷Ⅱ） There were many people waiting at the bus stop， ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.
解析 and。There were many people waiting at the bus stop是个完整的句子，some of them looked very anxious and disappointed也是个完整的句子，两句之间是并列关系。
例4 （2015·全国卷Ⅱ） The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ______ most modern of architects and engineers.
解析 the。这里名词由形容词的最高级修饰，用定冠词。
2. 有提示词（单词提示）考查一般为谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。提示词给出动词基本形式时，考虑填词性词形转换形式（转为名词、形容词）、语动词形式（注意时态语态）、非谓语动词形式（现在分词或过去分词）。
提示词给出的不是动词时，考虑词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转换，名词的复数形式，形容词比较级、最高级，词形变化如反义词（前缀）。
例5 （2015·全国卷Ⅰ） Abercrombie & Kent， a travel company in Hong Kong， says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ______ （live） in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
解析 living。现在分词living作定语，修饰中心词people，指住在上海和香港的人。
例6 （2015·全国卷Ⅰ） Finally， their hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______ （clean） than ever.
解析 cleaner。根据后面比较级的标志词than，应使用比较级。
例7 （2015·全国卷Ⅱ） As ______ （nature） architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
解析 natural。名词前用形容词修饰。
[备考反思]
语法填空是语境和语法的综合。要做好语法填空题，理解文章是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、语法知识是保证。
在备考复习中，同学们要熟练掌握考纲词汇，尤其是高频词的拼写、词性、变化形式，以及常用词汇的用法。同时加强语法基础，进行句子结构的系统训练，尤其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析。注意特殊句式。做题时要拼写正确、书写规范，减少非智力因素造成的丢分。