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目的分析乌鲁木齐市0~3岁儿童缺铁性贫血(IDA)的发生情况及其影响因素,为缺铁性贫血的预防工作提供基线资料。方法选取2013年3-5月在该院门诊就诊的0~3岁儿童204例为研究对象,其中103例IDA患儿为IDA组,101例正常儿童为正常儿童组。对两组家庭收入及母亲文化程度、母亲孕期饮食和贫血情况、婴幼儿喂养方式、添加辅食的种类、是否患有消化道疾病和腹泻等方面进行调查分析,寻找IDA发生发展的影响因素。结果 IDA组儿童家庭月收入≥5 000元者、母亲文化程度在小学或以下程度者和对“哪些是含铁量最丰富的食品”问题的知晓率与正常儿童组比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。IDA组儿童母亲孕期贫血发生率高于正常儿童组,母乳喂养率低于正常儿童组、人工喂养率高于正常儿童组,辅食以肉、肝脏、鱼、禽类为主的情况低于正常儿童组,调查前2周消化系统疾病和腹泻患病情况高于正常儿童组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论母亲文化程度、贫血相关知识的知晓率、家庭月收入、婴幼儿喂养方式及添加的辅食品种、消化道感染性疾病的发生率是IDA发生的主要影响因素。建议采取健康教育、提高抚养人IDA相关知识的水平,加强孕前、孕期和哺乳期营养,科学喂养婴幼儿等措施降低婴幼儿IDA的发生。
Objective To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in 0 ~ 3 years old children in Urumqi and to provide baseline data for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia. Methods Totally 204 children aged 0 ~ 3 years were enrolled in this hospital from March to May in 2013. 103 IDA children were IDA group and 101 normal children were normal children group. The two groups of family income and mother’s education level, mother’s pregnancy diet and anemia, infant and young child feeding, add complementary food types, whether suffering from gastrointestinal diseases and diarrhea and other aspects of the investigation and analysis, looking for the occurrence and development of IDA factors. Results IDA group children with family income ≥ 5000 yuan, the mother’s education level of primary school or below, and the “What is the most iron-rich foods,” awareness of the problem compared with normal children group, the difference was statistically Significance (P <0.05). The incidence of anemia during pregnancy in children in IDA group was higher than that in normal children, the rate of breastfeeding was lower than that of normal children, the rate of artificial feeding was higher than that of normal children, and the condition of supplementary food was meat, liver, fish and poultry were lower than that of normal children The prevalence of digestive diseases and diarrhea two weeks before the survey was higher than that in normal children (P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of IDA in mother’s education, awareness of anemia-related knowledge, family monthly income, infant and young child feeding patterns, supplemented food supplement and incidence of gastrointestinal infectious diseases are the main influencing factors. It is recommended to take health education to raise the level of IDA related knowledge of caregivers, to strengthen pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation nutrition, scientific feeding infant and other measures to reduce the occurrence of infant IDA.