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我国铁路运价长期偏低,中国铁路总公司成立后,铁路运输价格的确定成为关注的焦点。纵观铁路发展运营的历史,铁路运输的定价是一项难以解决的经济学难题。我国对铁路实行政府定价和政府指导价,在很大程度上是出于社会公益性的考虑。市场化改革的路径应该是充分赋予铁路运输企业定价自主权,有条件地逐步放开运价,激发企业的经营活力。
Long-term low rail tariff in China, China Railway Corporation was established, the determination of the price of rail transport has become the focus of attention. Looking at the history of railway development and operation, the pricing of railway transport is a difficult economic problem to solve. China’s implementation of government pricing and government guidance on railways is largely due to social welfare considerations. The path of market-oriented reform should be to give railway transport enterprises full autonomy in pricing, gradually liberalize tariffs conditionally and stimulate their business vitality.