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目的探讨不同负荷对大鼠大脑皮质海马区形态结构及内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)表达的影响。方法选用两月龄SD雄性纯种大鼠45只,按体重随机分成3组,每组15只,即正常对照组(NC),一般负荷组(MT)和过度负荷组(OT)。训练8周后,取大鼠大脑海马结构,通过光学显微镜观察海马区组织形态的变化;采用免疫组化染色测定eNOS的表达,并按染色细胞的数量比和染色深度进行半定量分析各组的差异。结果 (1)OT组大鼠大脑海马组织中锥体细胞数目较NC组与MT组有明显的下降(P﹤0.01);(2)OT组大鼠大脑海马区组织形态出现病理现象;(3)MT与OT组eNOS表达较NC组明显增强(P﹤0.01),而MT组与OT组之间eNOS表达差异无统计学意义。结论适宜负荷的运动对海马组织调节脑血流量,提高脑血管膜自身保护都产生积极、良好的影响,而过度负荷的运动使脑组织缺血缺氧,导致海马组织中细胞的损伤。
Objective To investigate the effects of different loads on the morphological structure and the expression of eNOS in hippocampus of rat cerebral cortex. Methods Forty-five male SD SD rats of two months old were randomly divided into three groups according to body weight, with 15 rats in each group. They were normal control group (NC), general load group (MT) and overloaded group (OT). After training for 8 weeks, the structure of hippocampus in hippocampus was observed by optical microscopy. The expression of eNOS in hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Semiquantitative analysis of the number of stained cells and staining depth difference. Results (1) The number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus of the OT group was significantly lower than that in the NC group and the MT group (P <0.01). (2) The histopathology of hippocampus in the OT group was observed. (3) ) ENOS expression in MT and OT group was significantly higher than NC group (P <0.01), while there was no significant difference in eNOS expression between MT group and OT group. Conclusions Exercise with appropriate load has a positive and good effect on the regulation of cerebral blood flow and the protection of cerebral vascular membrane in hippocampus. However, over-load exercise can cause ischemia and hypoxia in brain tissue and lead to cell damage in hippocampus.