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目的分析广州市海珠区2008~2013年风疹的流行病学特征,为制定预防控制风疹的策略提供参考。方法通过对中国疾病监测信息报管理告系统收集风疹发病资料,应用描述流行病学方法分析。结果广州市海珠区2008~2013年共报告风疹病例355例,无死亡病例,年均发病率为3.70/10万,不同年份之间报告的发病率有统计学差异(χ2=606.157,P<0.05),各街道均有病例报告,发病有明显的季节性,发病高峰在3~7月份,占全年的70.99%;男女性别比为0.92:1,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.118,P>0.05);发病人群以15~40岁人群为主,占总人数的77.75%,育龄期妇女占女性发病人数的81.08%。发病主要集中在学生。患者中无风疹成份疫苗免疫史或免疫史不详者占85.63%。结论海珠区风疹发病率仍较高,应加强监测及提高重点人群疫苗的接种覆盖率以预防控制风疹的爆发,减少先天性风疹综合症(CRS)的发生。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rubella from 2008 to 2013 in Haizhu District, Guangzhou, and to provide reference for the strategy of prevention and control of rubella. Methods By collecting information on the incidence of rubella in Chinese disease surveillance information reporting system, the epidemiological method was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 355 cases of rubella were reported in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City from 2008 to 2013, with no deaths. The average annual incidence was 3.70 / 100 000. There was a significant difference in the reported incidence between different years (χ2 = 606.157, P <0.05 ), All the streets have case reports, the incidence of a clear seasonal peak incidence in March to July, accounting for 70.99% of the year; male to female ratio was 0.92: 1, the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.118, P > 0.05). The incidence of the disease population was mainly from 15 to 40 years old, accounting for 77.75% of the total, while women of childbearing age accounted for 81.08% of the total number of women. The incidence is mainly concentrated in students. No rubella in patients with vaccine history or history of immunization unknown vaccine accounted for 85.63%. Conclusion The incidence of rubella in Haizhu District is still high. Surveillance coverage should be strengthened and vaccination coverage of key populations should be increased to prevent and control the outbreak of rubella and reduce the occurrence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).