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晏阳初是20世纪中国教育家中最具国际影响的世界性人物。早在第一次世界大战期间,他刚刚从耶鲁大学毕业就搭乘军舰,只身来到法国。在欧洲战场的英军华工营中,创办识字教育。以满腔的热血与勃勃的雄心投身于开发“脑矿”,“扫除文盲,作育新民”的神圣事业。“五四”运动之后,晏阳初回到中国。与朱其慧、陶行知等人创建了中华平民教育促进总会,任总干事。先在长沙、烟台、嘉兴、武汉等地进行城市平民识字教育实验。1926年之后,将工作重点转移到农村。选取河北定县作为“社会改造实验室”,进行平民教育与乡村建设的实验。试图通过文艺、生计、卫生、公民四大教育医治中国社会的“愚、穷、弱、私”四大病症,为中国教育的现代化与本土化,以及为整个中国社会的现代化进行探索。他号召知识分子“走出象牙塔,跨进泥巴墙”,回到社会最底层的农民中间去,并身体力行,将“科学与民主”的口号,转化为文化启蒙、科学启蒙、民主启蒙与个体意识启蒙的具体实践。在他的倡导下,一大批中高级知识分子,包括学有所成的留学归来的博士、硕士,纷紛舍弃了城市中待遇优厚的职位与相对舒适的生活环境,携妻将雏,来到乡间,开始了乡村建设的实验,掀起了现代史上著名的“博士下乡”运动。“定县实验”前后达十年之久。通过实验他们探索出一整套适合于中国国情的乡村教育与乡村建设的制度。从教育入手,对农业生产、农村卫生、保健、社区组织、县政改革进行了一揽子实验。总结出教育、科技与农业生产结合,学校教育与社会教育互补以及农村教育基础化、经济化、普遍化等一系列经验。新中国成立后,晏阳初的平民教育与乡村建设的理论被作为改良主义与“为帝国主义服务”的典型,受到严厉的批判与禁止。晏阳初被迫离开了中国。但他坚信自己的事业方向正确。他将平教会建立之初的口号“除文盲、作新民”,扩展为“除天下文盲,作世界新民”,将视野扩展到亚、非、拉美各洲的欠发达国家。他是第一个将在中国人群、中国本土创建的平民教育理论与乡村教育制度传播到国外,使之在外国的土地上落生根的中国教育家。鉴于他为中国教育与世界教育所作的贡献,国内、国际与论给予他广泛的赞誉与崇高的评价。1943年他与爱因斯坦、莱特、杜威等并列荣获“现代世界最具革命性贡献十大伟人”的殊荣。诺贝尔文学奖获得者,在中国大陆生活近四十年的赛珍珠对晏阳初的关注,正是首先来源于她对中国和世界前途的关注。当她了解到在大敌当前、民族危亡的时刻,仍有一批中国知识分子顽强不息地做着培植国本,改进乡村,启发引导农民自强自立,振兴国家的事迹之后,她产生了了解他们,宣扬他们的念头。1945年,经过多次交往之后,他们终于可以在一起做一次深入的长谈,写成《告语人民》。本书一经出版,立刻受到了评论界的广泛好评。美国及其他一些国家的人们也因此更加了解了晏阳初的事业。印良的乡村工作者将晏阳初称为“中国的圣雄甘地”,将《告语人民》奉为拯救乡村的“圣经”。联合国组织也参照它制定世界范围的基本教育计划。
Yan Yangchu was the most influential international figure among Chinese educators in the 20th century. As early as during World War I, he just graduated from Yale University warships, came to France alone. In the British battlefield in the British Chinese camp, founded literacy education. With a passionate and ambitious ambition to devote himself to the sacred cause of developing “brain mines” and “eliminating illiteracy and breeding new people.” After the May Fourth Movement, Yan Yangchu returned to China. And Zhu Qihui, Tao Xingzhi and others created the China Civilian Education Association, served as Director General. First in Changsha, Yantai, Jiaxing, Wuhan and other cities for civilian literacy education experiment. After 1926, the work was shifted to rural areas. Ding County, Hebei Province as a “social transformation laboratory” for civilian education and rural construction experiments. Trying to cure the four major diseases of “foolishness, poverty, weakness and selfishness” in Chinese society through literature, art, livelihood, health and citizen education, and to explore the modernization and localization of Chinese education and the modernization of Chinese society as a whole. He called for the intelligentsia to “walk out of the ivory tower and cross into the mud wall” and return to the lowest peasants in the community. They tried their best to translate the slogan of “science and democracy” into cultural enlightenment, scientific enlightenment, democratic enlightenment and individual consciousness Enlightenment concrete practice. Under his advocacy, a large number of middle and high-ranking intellectuals, including doctoral and master students who have returned from studying abroad, have successively abandoned the relatively well-paid positions in cities and relatively comfortable living environments. In the countryside, the experiment of rural construction was started, setting off the famous “Doctor to Countryside” movement in modern history. “Dingxian experiment” before and after ten years. Through experiments, they explored a set of systems of rural education and rural construction suitable to China’s national conditions. Starting from education, a series of experiments were carried out on agricultural production, rural health, health care, community organizations and county-level reform. Summed up a series of experiences such as education, integration of science and technology and agricultural production, complementarity of school education and social education, and basicization, economy and universality of rural education. After the founding of New China, Yan Yangchu’s theory of civilian education and rural construction was severely criticized and banned as a model of reformism and “serving for imperialism.” Yan Yangchu forced to leave China. But he firmly believes that his career in the right direction. He expanded the slogan of “Putting aside illiteracy and becoming a new citizen” at the beginning of the establishment of the “Peace Church into a world newcomer in addition to illiteracy among the world” and expanded his vision to less developed countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. He is the first Chinese educator to spread the theory of civilian education and the rural education system created in China by Chinese people and the Chinese mainland to foreign countries so that they will take root in foreign lands. Given his contribution to education in China and world education, his domestic and international treaties have given him extensive praise and high praise. In 1943 he and Einstein, Wright, Dewey, etc. won the “most modern world’s most revolutionary contributions to the top ten great man,” the award. Pearl S. Buck, who won the Nobel Prize for literature in China for almost 40 years in mainland China, came first and foremost from her concern about the future of China and the world. When she learned that there are still a group of Chinese intellectuals who are tenaciously doing their best to cultivate the country, improving the countryside and inspire and guide the peasants to become self-reliant and to rejuvenate the country when the enemy is at a critical moment and the nation is in danger. She has come to understand them , To promote their thoughts. In 1945, after many contacts, they finally could make an in-depth long talk together and write “People to Tell.” Once published, the book received wide acclaim from critics. As a result, people in the United States and other countries gained a better understanding of Yan Yangchu’s career. The Indian village workers named Yan Yangchu “the mahatma Gandhi of China” as the “Bible” for saving the country. The United Nations Organization also refers to it to formulate a worldwide basic education plan.