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回鹘文书所见高昌回鹘王国的纸钞与金属币杨富学高昌回鹘是９－１４世纪回鹘人所建立的一个地方性封建政权，立国长达５００年之久，由于它地处西鄙，遥离中原，故宋元史籍对它的记载大都非常简略，尤其经济方面更是如此。直到本世纪，随着新疆考古工作的展开，大批的长期被埋藏于地下的回鹘文遗物得以相继出土、研究和刊布，我们才能借以对过去这一比较陌生的领域进行较为细致的研究和探讨。在回鹘文书中关于货币的资料是较多的，从文书看，当时流通的货币相当复杂，大致可将其划分为布帛、纸钞和金属币等三种。其中，文书中最常见的是布帛，说明在回鹘王国中布帛最为流行。因笔者以前曾撰有《新疆古代实物货币──粗棉布》一文，对其作过比较细致的叙述①，这里也就略而不赘了。在我们现已收集到的回鹘文书中，与纸钞和金属币有关者约有数十件。本文据其中的一郎分略作述论。纸钞高昌回鹘前期，粗棉布是最普遍的货币形态。１３世纪初蒙元帝国统一了新疆地区以后，元政府发行的纸钞在流通领域中至少取得了与粗棉布并列的地位。元代钞法，不仅行于中原，即使日本、朝鲜、印度等地都曾试行过。作为蒙元帝国的一部分，高昌回鹘当然也要推行蒙元钞法，只是在推行钞法的同时，原有的货币制度还可以继续保留
Back to 鹘 paperwork Gaochang back to the kingdom of the Kingdom of the notes and metal coins Yang Fu Xue Gao Chang Hui Tuo is a local feudal regime established by the Hui rebels from the 9th to the 14th century. It was established for 500 years because it is located westward and away from the Central Plains Therefore, the historical records of Song and Yuan Dynasties are mostly very brief to it, especially in the economic aspect. Until this century, with the launching of Xinjiang’s archeology, a large number of Hui relics buried in the earth for a long time have been unearthed, studied and published in succession, so that we can make a more detailed study and discussion of the relatively unfamiliar past. There are a lot of information on money in the Hui instruments, and from the perspective of instruments, the currency in circulation was quite complicated. Basically, it could be divided into three types: cloth, paper money and metal coins. Among them, the most common type of fabric is cloth, indicating that the cloth is the most popular in the Kingdom of Hui. Because I had previously written << Xinjiang ancient real currency ─ ─ cheesecloth >> article, made a more detailed narrative ①, here will be omitted. Of the Hui instruments we have collected, there are about dozens of bills and metal coins. This article according to one of the points slightly made a discussion. Banknote Gaochang back to 鹘 early, cheesecloth is the most common form of currency. After the Mongol Empire unified the Xinjiang region in the early 13th century, the notes issued by the Yuan government took at least the position of denim in circulation. Yuan Dynasty notes, not only in the Central Plains, even Japan, North Korea, India and other places have tried. As part of the Mongol Empire, Gaochang Hui, of course, must also carry out the law of the Mongolian yuan, but in the implementation of the law, the original monetary system can continue to retain