小麦PH基因系的研究及应用

• 作 者: 张晓科 柴守诚 杨天章
• 机 构: 西北农业大学小麦研究所
• 出 处: 西北农业学报
• 发表日期: 1998年04期
• 关键词: PH基因 染色体配对 部分同源染色体 多基因系统 突变体 易位系 基因突变 附加系 代换系 减数分裂

小麦中存在着抑制部分同源染色体配对的两个主效基因ＰＨ１和ＰＨ２，此外，还携带有许多微效的抑制或促进配对基因。小麦染色体配对过程是受一个多基因系统控制，相当复杂。ＰＨ基因制约减数分裂前染色体的联会。ＰＨ基因可能来源于Ｂ染色体。ＰＨ１缺失突变体、ＰＨ隐性突变体和ＰＨ抑制基因的获得和发现，为外源有用基因向小麦导入创造了有利条件。利用三种方法，已经取得许多喜人成就。

There are two major genes, PH1 and PH2, that inhibit the pairing of homologous chromosomes in wheat. In addition, there are many microsatellite repeats that inhibit or promote pairing genes. Wheat chromosome pairing is controlled by a polygenic system and is quite complex. The PH gene restricts the association of premenstrual chromosomes. PH gene may be derived from the B chromosome. The obtainment and discovery of PH1 deletion mutant, PH recessive mutant and PH inhibition gene have created favorable conditions for the introduction of foreign gene into wheat. With the three methods, many gratifying achievements have been made.