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持续互动的动态视角是文化混搭研究相较于以往跨文化研究的重要特征。鉴于关于文化混搭的心理学研究刚刚起步,本文试图综括相关学科的研究成果并钩玄提要,探讨文化混搭的主要反应方式、影响因素、心理后果及动态过程。根据对主客双方文化的态度,可将个体和群体对文化混搭的反应概括为对比式反应、同化式反应和混搭式反应;对混搭式反应,又可依据其性质分为融通、附会、分理、并置、统摄、移接、转化、叠合、协同九类。影响文化混搭态度的因素既包括不同层面的文化领域、文化互动双方力量及地位的差异、文化间的关系(敌友态度)、文化差异度(相似度与相容性),还包括个体层面的文化认同、族群中心主义、文化依恋、认知保守性、文化学习心态、文化本质主义和多元文化价值观等。文化混搭的环境和经验有助于提升个体的多元文化能力和对文化的元认知水平以及个人认知灵活性、复杂度和创造力,同时也可能增加文化压力,受到刻板印象威胁,导致自我刻板印象化。最后,文章简要探讨文化混搭发展演变的纵深进程,以期为文化主体提供参考和借鉴。
The dynamic perspective of continuous interaction is an important feature of cultural mashup research over previous cross-cultural studies. In view of the fact that the study on cultural mashup has just started, this paper tries to summarize the research results of relevant disciplines and discuss the main reaction ways, influential factors, psychological consequences and dynamic processes of cultural mashups. According to the attitude towards the culture of both host and guest, the reactions of individuals and groups to cultural mashups can be summarized as contrasting reactions, assimilation reactions and mashup reactions. The mashup reactions can be divided into three parts according to their characteristics: , Juxtaposition, integration, transfer, transformation, overlapping, coordination of nine categories. The factors influencing the cultural mix-and-match attitude include not only the cultural fields at different levels, the differences in the strength and status of both sides of the cultural interaction, the inter-cultural relations (foes and friends), the cultural differences (similarity and compatibility) Cultural identity, ethnocentrism, cultural attachment, cognitive conservation, cultural learning mentality, cultural essentialism and multicultural values. The environment and experience of cultural mashups help to enhance individual multiculturalism and metacognitive skills as well as individual cognitive flexibility, complexity and creativity, as well as cultural pressures, stereotype threats, and self-esteem Stereotypes. Finally, the article briefly discusses the development of cultural mix and match the evolution of the process, with a view to providing reference and cultural experience.