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应用免疫组化方法及微波修复检测50例胃癌、癌旁粘膜及正常粘膜组织中P53、P21癌基因蛋白及PCNA的表达，探讨其意义。结果表明：癌基因P53、P21及PCNA阳性表达率在癌组织分别为78％（39／50）、95％（47／50）、96％（48／50）；癌旁粘膜分别为42％（21／5O）、18％（9/50）、66％（33／50）呈弱阳性反应；而在正常组织均为阴性0％。P53、P21和PCNA阳性表达与胃癌患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、部位、组织学类型无关（P>0．01），而与胃癌浸润深度、分化程度及淋巴结转移都有显著差异（p<0．01）。提示P53、P21癌基因突变及PCNA表达完全正相关。表明P53、P21基因的突变及细胞核增殖均参与胃癌的发生、发展过程。故使用免疫组化加微波修复检测胃癌的P53、P21及PCNA的表达可能成为判断胃癌预后指标，指导患者的临床治疗，同时为早期诊断胃癌提供参考。
The expressions of P53 and P21 oncoproteins and PCNA in 50 cases of gastric cancer, paraneoplastic mucosa and normal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical method and microwave repair to explore its significance. The results showed that the positive rates of P53, P21 and PCNA in cancer tissues were 78% (39/50), 95% (47/50), 96% (48/50) in cancer tissues, and 42% in adjacent cancer tissues ( 21/5O), 18% (9/50), and 66% (33/50) showed a weak positive reaction; in normal tissues, they were all negative 0%. The positive expressions of P53, P21 and PCNA were not related to sex, age, tumor size, location and histological type of gastric cancer patients (P>0.01), but were significantly different from the invasion depth, differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer (p<0. .01). It indicates that P53, P21 oncogene mutations and PCNA expression are completely positively correlated. It was shown that mutations of P53 and P21 genes and proliferation of nuclei were involved in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Therefore, the use of immunohistochemistry and microwave repair detection of gastric cancer P53, P21 and PCNA expression may become a prognostic indicator of gastric cancer, guide clinical treatment of patients, and provide reference for early diagnosis of gastric cancer.