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我国核事故应急管理有关法律法规及预案规定,一旦发生严重核事故需启动场外应急时,应采取组织核电站周边地区的公众服用稳定性碘制剂、避迁等综合防护措施[1-2]。1977年美国国家放射防护和检测委员会(NCRP)首次提出使用稳定性碘作为甲状腺阻断剂预防核事故后甲状腺癌的发生。2011年世界卫生组织(WHO)和国际原子能机构(IAEA)均发布了相应的核事故应急准备指南[3],建议采取服用稳定性碘阻止核事故释放的放射性碘的吸收,以降低甲状腺癌发病风险。
The relevant laws, regulations and plans for emergency management of nuclear accidents in our country stipulate that in the event of a serious nuclear accident, an emergency to be started off-site should be taken. The public should take comprehensive protective measures such as stabilizing iodine preparations and avoiding evacuation in the surrounding areas of nuclear power plants. In 1977, the National Radiation Protection and Testing Commission (NCRP) first proposed the use of stable iodine as a thyroid blockade to prevent the occurrence of thyroid cancer after a nuclear accident. In 2011, both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) issued corresponding guidelines for emergency preparedness for nuclear accidents [3]. It is recommended to take a stable dose of iodine to prevent the release of radioactive iodine from nuclear accident so as to reduce the incidence of thyroid cancer risk.