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目的统计1991~2006年全国监测点防氟井建设、管理、使用及水氟含量监测结果,总结经验、发现问题,为制定今后防治对策提供科学依据。方法在吉林省乾安县先后设立7个监测点,调查监测县防氟井建设情况;防氟井正常使用数。统计监测县改水病区实际受益人口及比例。检测监测点内10户居民饮用水氟含量;抽查100眼防氟井使用情况并检测水氟含量;调查因故停用井(屯)数及原因。结果全县252个病区屯在监测开始前改水率64.7%,受益人口52.80%。至2006年,全县改水率82.9%,受益率76.0%,16年间提高了18.2个百分点。1998年重病区已全部改水。抽查的100眼防氟井中年平均12.3%的井水氟含量超标,个别井水超过4.1 mg/L。1年中防氟井使用时间不足9个月的为6.7%。改水后防氟井水氟含量有波动,差值可达2.0 mg/L。结论监测县改水进度缓慢,水氟含量超标、管理使用不善和受益率低是制约地方性氟中毒控制的重要因素,应加快改水进度,防止水氟含量超标,提高防氟井使用率和病区居民受益率,从而使地方性氟中毒得到有效控制。
OBJECTIVE: To monitor the results of the monitoring, prevention and control of fluoride wells in the monitoring points in China from 1991 to 2006, and to summarize the experiences and discover the problems so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating future prevention and control measures. Methods Seven monitoring points were successively established in Qian’an County, Jilin Province to investigate the construction of anti-fluoride wells in monitoring counties and the number of anti-fluoride wells normally used. Statistics monitor the actual beneficiary population and its proportion in the water-wasting area of the county. Testing fluoride content of drinking water of 10 households in monitoring points; sampling 100 eyes of using fluorine-resistant wells and testing fluorine content in water; Investigating the number of disabled wells and their causes for some reasons. Results The water loss rate of 252 wards in the county before the start of monitoring was 64.7% and the beneficiary population was 52.80%. By 2006, the county water-saving rate of 82.9%, 76.0% benefit rate, an increase of 18.2 percentage points over 16 years. In 1998, the ward has been completely changed water. The middle-aged middle-aged 12-out-of-100 anti-Fluoride wells were tested for fluorine content exceeding the standard, with individual well water exceeding 4.1 mg / L. In one year, anti-freon use time is less than 9 months, 6.7%. After the water has been modified, the fluorine content in the fluorine well water fluctuates with a difference of up to 2.0 mg / L. Conclusion The progress of water diversion in monitoring counties is slow, water fluorine content is over standard, poor management and low benefit rate are important factors that control the control of endemic fluorosis. The progress of water diversion should be accelerated so as to prevent water fluorine content from exceeding the standard and improve the utilization rate of anti-fluorine wells and Ward residents benefit rate, so that endemic fluorosis can be effectively controlled.