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目的了解西藏碘缺乏病区目标人群碘缺乏病相关防治知识掌握程度,为制定健康教育传播策略提供科学依据。方法 2009年在西藏13个县,在每个项目县选择3个乡,在每个乡中心小学校随机抽取5年级1个班的30名学生,在每所项目学校所在地随机抽取15名家庭主妇,抽取在校小学生2 487人,家庭主妇1 468人,采用统一的问卷调查表对目标人群碘缺乏病知识进行调查。结果碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率情况基线调查小学生66.8%、家庭主妇59.5%;效果评价小学生90.9%、家庭主妇87.1%;评估调查的小学生和育龄妇女的碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率均高于基线调查(χ2=240.9、146.0,P<0.01),居民合格碘盐食用率从50.2%提高到81.0%。结论在小学生和家庭主妇等目标人群中开展健康教育对提高和巩固碘缺乏病防治效果显著,促进了学生进行社会活动的积极性,通过“小手拉大手”的健康教育模式,将健康教育扩大到家庭,影响到社会,对促进目标人群的健康生活习惯形成意义重大而深远。
Objective To understand the level of knowledge about prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders in target population of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Tibet and to provide a scientific basis for formulating health education communication strategies. Methods In 2009, 13 counties in Tibet were selected to select 3 townships in each project county. 30 students in 1 grade of Grade 5 were selected randomly from primary schools in each township. Fifteen housewives were selected randomly from each project school. A total of 2 487 primary school pupils and 1 468 housewives were sampled, and a questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge of iodine deficiency disorders in the target population. Results The awareness rate of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders baseline survey of primary school students 66.8%, housewives 59.5%; effect evaluation of primary school students 90.9%, housewives 87.1%; assessment of primary school students and women of childbearing age awareness of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency are higher than the baseline Survey (χ2 = 240.9, 146.0, P <0.01), the resident iodine salt consumption rate increased from 50.2% to 81.0%. Conclusions Health education among target groups such as primary school students and housewives is effective in improving and consolidating the prevention and treatment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and promotes students’ enthusiasm for social activities. Health education is expanded through the mode of health education of “small hand and big hand” To the family, affecting the community, to promote the healthy lifestyle of the target population form significant and far-reaching.