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近年来,关于小气道的研究受到了广泛的注意。认为具有可逆转性质的小气道异常在慢性阻塞性肺疾患的演变过程中有重要的意义。但常规肺通气功能指标如肺活量、最大呼气中段流速等对于小气道的早期病变并不敏感,一个小气道受损害的病人其气道阻力和第一秒时间肺活量等仍可能有正常的数值。为此,国外已报导采用最大呼气流速—容积曲线,闭合容量,动态顺应性和最大呼气流速密度依赖性等,认为这些指标对于小气道病变较为敏感。
In recent years, research on small airways has received extensive attention. Small airway abnormalities that are considered reversible have important implications in the evolution of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, conventional pulmonary function indexes such as vital capacity and maximal expiratory flow rate are not sensitive to the early lesion of small airway. The airway resistance and first-second vital capacity of a patient with small airway damage may still have normal values. To this end, foreign countries have reported the use of the maximum expiratory flow volume curve, closed volume, dynamic compliance and maximum expiratory flow velocity-dependent and so on, that these indicators are more sensitive to small airway disease.