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随着全球气候变暖趋干,三江源区“中华水塔”的生态地位进一步凸显。2005年,青海三江源自然保护区生态保护和建设工程开始实施。为评价三江源区的水土保持生态环境和工程成效,填补我国在三江源这个特殊的高海拔地区没有系统的生态监测资料的空白,开展了三江源水土保持生态监测。监测范围是三江源国家级自然保护区,涉及16县1乡,总面积为15.23万km2,共布设28个监测点;监测内容包括区域内的水蚀、风蚀强度及其分布,以及降水、植被、土壤和地形、地貌等水土流失因子;监测方法可分为定点监测、辅助样区监测和遥感监测等。从样区监测分析结果与土壤侵蚀相关性分析来看,2006年三江源区的土壤侵蚀量小于2005年,水土流失程度较2005年有所减弱。
With the global warming of the climate, the ecological status of the “Three Rivers” “China Tower” further highlights. In 2005, Qinghai Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve ecological protection and construction began. In order to assess the ecological environment and project achievements in water and soil conservation in the Three Rivers Source Region and to fill the gap in the absence of systematic ecological monitoring data in this special high-altitude region in the Three River Source in our country, the ecological monitoring of water and soil conservation in the Three Rivers was carried out. The monitoring scope is Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve, involving 16 counties and 1 township, with a total area of 152,300 km2. There are 28 monitoring sites in total. The monitoring contents include water erosion, wind erosion intensity and their distribution as well as precipitation, vegetation, Soil and topography, topography and other soil erosion factors; monitoring methods can be divided into fixed-point monitoring, secondary sample monitoring and remote sensing monitoring. According to the correlation analysis between the results of sample monitoring and analysis and soil erosion, the soil erosion in the Three River Source Region in 2006 was less than that in 2005, and the degree of soil erosion was weaker than that in 2005.