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以穿越河西走廊西部戈壁荒漠的嘉峪关至安西一级公路为研究对象,基于风洞模拟试验,针对不同类型公路路基横断面和防护措施设计模型,采用粒子图像测速系统,研究模型的流场变化,进而探讨戈壁公路风沙危害形成机理及防沙措施。研究结果表明:①由于研究区内风沙活动以不饱和风沙流为主,携沙风对公路路基掏蚀、磨蚀严重,需要对路基边坡进行有效砌护;②为了在公路表面形成输沙通道,中央隔离带地表与行车路面应保持同一高度,隔离带采用空隙度大于30%的疏透型;③在公路两侧沙源丰富地段,公路边坡的坡角应小于40°,并且取消防洪沟,以防止沟内积沙;④在沙源丰富地区,公路两侧由外到内依次铺设草方格、覆盖砾石、设置积沙沟的防沙带,可以减少气流中的含沙量,阻止流沙上路,有效解决公路风沙危害问题。
Taking the Jiayuguan-Anxi Class I highway crossing the Gobi desert in the west of Hexi Corridor as the research object, the wind tunnel simulation test is carried out. According to the design models of the cross-sections and protective measures for different types of roadbed, particle image velocimetry system is used to study the flow field changes, Then it explores the formation mechanism and sand control measures of sand-wind hazard in Gobi highway. The results show that: ①Because the sandstorm movement in the study area is dominated by unsaturated sand flow, it is necessary to carry out effective masonry protection of the embankment slope with the sand blasting on the embankment and erosion of the highway; ②For the purpose of forming the sand transport channel , The surface of the central isolation belt and the road surface should be kept the same height, the use of porosity greater than 30% of the isolation of the dredging type; ③ sand rich in the road on both sides of the road, slope angle of the road should be less than 40 °, and the abolition of flood control Ditch, in order to prevent sediment in the ditch; ④ rich areas in the sand, roads on both sides from outside to inside laying grass grid, covering the gravel, set Sand Shagou sand control zone, can reduce the flow of sediment, To stop quicksand and effectively solve the problem of sandstorm damage on roads.