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一、前言褐色土作为独立的土类是本世纪二十年代由苏联学者提出的。1924年C.A.查哈罗夫首先提出在苏联格鲁吉亚境内分布有褐色土。以后,许多苏联学者对苏联克里米亚和高加索黑海沿岸、外高加索、大高加索北部和中亚山地的褐色土进行了研究,提出了大量关于这些地区褐色土分布、形成条件、化学组成和机械组成的资料。格拉西莫夫对褐色土的地理分布、形成条件、形成过程和土壤性质等作了较全面的总结与阐述,并且把褐色土分为典型的,淋溶的和碳酸盐的三个亚类。
I. Preface Brown soil as an independent soil class was proposed by Soviet scholars in the 1920s. In 1924 C.A. Chakharov first proposed the distribution of brown earth in Georgia in the Soviet Union. Since then, many Soviet scholars have studied the brown earth in the Crimea and the Caucasus off the coast of the Caucasus, the Transcaucasus, the northern Great Caucasus and the mountains of Central Asia, and have put forth numerous proposals concerning the distribution of brown earth, formation conditions, chemical composition and machinery in these areas Composition of the information. Gerasimov made a more comprehensive summary of the geographical distribution, forming conditions, formation process and soil properties of brown soil, and divided the brown soil into three subtypes of typical, leached and carbonate .