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目的分析2001—2010年广东省新发职业病分类分布特征,提出防治对策。方法采用常规资料分析的方法,收集2001—2005年(“十五”期间)本省各地市上报的职业病报告总结、2006—2010年(“十一五”期间)本省职业病网络直报系统中报告的广东省内确诊的新发职业病报告资料以及国内生产总值(GDP)资料进行分析。结果 2001—2010年全省共报告9类新发职业病3 153例,新发病例数总体呈波浪型上升趋势,其中2001—2003年呈短暂下降,2004—2007年出现平缓增长,2008—2010年呈快速增长。新发病例数与本省GDP呈正相关,Spearman秩相关系数为0.706(P=0.01)。职业病分类病例数居前6位是尘肺病、职业中毒、职业性皮肤病、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病、物理因素所致职业病和职业性肿瘤,分别占41.36%、32.38%、9.32%、5.58%、5.17%和4.03%。“十一五”期间新发病例数为“十五”期间的1.4倍(1 847/1 306),其中,前者尘肺病、物理因素所致职业病、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病和职业性肿瘤新发病例数均较后者增加,分别为后者的1.3、26.2、2.7和10.5倍。2个时期的职业病分类的分布比例不一致(P<0.01)。“十一五”期间职业中毒构成比低于“十五”时期(27.83%vs 38.82%,P<0.01),物理因素所致职业病、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病和职业性肿瘤的构成比均分别高于“十五”期间(8.50%vs 0.46%,6.93%vs 3.68%,6.28%vs 0.84%,P<0.01);但2个时期尘肺病、职业性皮肤病和职业性眼病的构成比分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(40.28%vs 42.88%,8.50%vs 10.49%,0.43%vs 0.77%,P>0.05)。结论 2001—2010年本省新发职业病呈现尘肺病、职业中毒和其他7类职业病三足鼎立的新特点。应在做好尘肺病和职业中毒防治的基础上,加强对职业性皮肤病、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病、物理因素所致职业病和职业性肿瘤的防治工作。
Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of new occupational diseases in Guangdong Province from 2001 to 2010 and put forward control measures. Methods The routine data analysis method was used to collect the report of occupational diseases reported by all localities in the province from 2001 to 2005 (during the “15th” period). The report of occupational diseases in this province from 2006 to 2010 (during the “Eleventh Five-year” period) System of newly diagnosed occupational disease reported in Guangdong Province as reported in the system as well as gross domestic product (GDP) data for analysis. Results From 2001 to 2010, a total of 3 153 new occupational diseases were reported in 9 provinces in the province. The number of new cases showed a wave-like upward trend, with a slight decrease in 2001-2003 and a moderate increase in 2004-2007. In 2008-2010 Rapid growth. The number of new cases was positively correlated with the provincial GDP, Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.706 (P = 0.01). Occupational diseases, occupational ENT oral diseases, occupational diseases caused by physical factors and occupational tumors, accounting for 41.36%, 32.38%, 9.32% and 5.58% respectively. Among the top 6 cases, occupational diseases, occupational diseases, , 5.17% and 4.03% respectively. The number of new cases during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period was 1.4 times (1 847/1 306) during the “Fifteen-Year Plan” period, with the former pneumoconiosis, occupational diseases caused by physical factors, occupational ENT oral diseases and The number of new cases of occupational tumors than the latter increased, respectively, the latter 1.3,26.2,2.7 and 10.5 times. The distribution of occupational diseases in the two periods was not consistent (P <0.01). Occupational poisoning during the 11th Five-Year Plan period was lower than that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period (27.83% vs 38.82%, P <0.01), occupational diseases caused by physical factors, occupational ENT oral diseases and occupational tumors (P <0.01). However, the pneumoconiosis, occupational dermatology and occupations were both higher in the two periods (8.50% vs 0.46%, 6.93% vs 3.68%, 6.28% vs 0.84%, P <0.01) There was no significant difference in the constitution of eye diseases between the two groups (40.28% vs 42.88%, 8.50% vs 10.49%, 0.43% vs 0.77%, P> 0.05). Conclusion 2001-2010 new occupational diseases in the province showed pneumoconiosis, occupational poisoning and other seven occupational diseases three pillars of the new features. On the basis of good prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis and occupational poisoning, prevention and control of occupational diseases and occupational otolaryngological and oral diseases, occupational diseases caused by physical factors and occupational tumors should be strengthened.