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本文分别采用静态面板和动态面板模型测算了我国28个行业的总体外包水平、三次产业外包水平、劳动密集型外包水平和资本密集型外包水平的就业影响效应。研究结果显示,中国承接国际外包总体上提高了对劳动力的需求,但对就业的促进作用具有结构性差异。制造业、资本密集型行业外包水平的提高对就业增长有明显的促进作用。劳动密集型外包总体上创造了更多的就业岗位,但较高报酬的“有效就业”岗位并未显著增加。服务业外包对就业也有促进作用,但考虑到外包规模较小及行业的个体差异较大,这种促进作用可能被夸大。
In this paper, we use the static panel and the dynamic panel model respectively to estimate the employment impact effect of the overall outsourcing level, tertiary industry outsourcing level, labor-intensive outsourcing level and capital-intensive outsourcing level in 28 industries in China. The results show that China undertakes international outsourcing overall to improve the demand for labor force, but the promotion of employment has a structural difference. The improvement in outsourcing of manufacturing and capital-intensive industries has obviously promoted the growth of employment. Labor-intensive outsourcing generally creates more jobs, but the higher paid jobs do not increase significantly. Service outsourcing also has a positive effect on employment, but this promotion may be exaggerated given the small size of outsourcing and the large individual differences in the industry.