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为了解洛川苹果园夏季大型土壤动物的群落多样性,并为进一步开展陕北经济林地区土壤动物学方面的研究提供基础资料。本研究利用对角线五点法采样法和国际通用的手拣法对洛川苹果园示范园和常规园大型土壤动物进行采样。共获得动物134只,隶属4门6纲9目。优势类群为咀刺目、正蚓目、鞘翅目;常见类群为双翅目、鳞翅目、膜翅目、柄眼目等。其中咀刺目、正蚓目、鞘翅目占总捕获量的比例最大,分别为37.31%、28.36%、12.69%,共占总捕获量的78.57%,构成了群落的主要框架。在洛川苹果园示范园和常规园中,大型土壤动物的表聚性比较明显;示范园大型土壤动物的类群数、多样性指数、均匀性指数和丰富度指数均高于常规园,但个体数和优势度指数低于常规园。由此可知,示范园土壤动物群落物种丰富,结构复杂,类群数量分布均匀,显示了大型土壤动物对不同果园土地利用方式和管理措施的响应情况。
In order to understand the community diversity of soil macrofauna in summer in Luochuan apple orchard and provide the basic data for the further study of soil zoology in the economic forest area of northern Shaanxi. In this study, the diagonal five-point sampling method and the international hand picking method were used to sample the large soil animal in the Luochuan Apple Orchard Demonstration Garden and the Conventional Park. A total of 134 animals were acquired, belonging to 4 classes, 6 classes and 9 orders. The dominant taxa were Tetraoptera, Euprocididae and Coleoptera; the common groups were Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Stem Eye. Among them, the ratio of entomopathie, mesophyll and coleoptera was the largest, accounting for 37.31%, 28.36% and 12.69%, respectively, accounting for 78.57% of the total, which formed the main framework of the community. In Luochuan apple orchard demonstration garden and conventional garden, the surface aggregation of large soil fauna is obvious. The number of soil group, diversity index, evenness index and richness index of large soil fauna in the demonstration garden are higher than those in the conventional garden. However, The number and dominance index are lower than the conventional park. It can be seen that the soil animal community in the demonstration garden is rich in species, complex in structure and even in population distribution, showing the response of large soil animals to the land use patterns and management measures in different orchards.