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中国是陆海兼备的国家,拥有漫长的海岸线、广袤的海域和丰富的海洋资源。按照《联合国海洋法公约》,沿海国家主权范围的海洋区域主要包括内水、内海、领海、毗连区、专属经济区、大陆架等。据此规定,中国拥有近300万平方公里的海洋国土。然而,受历史和现实的复杂原因影响,中国近一半的海洋国土与他国存在争议,面临着海域被分割、岛礁被占领、资源被掠夺的严峻现实。最近一段时间,中国周边海域更是风声鹤唳,日本、菲律宾、越南等国竞相在争议海域、争议岛屿向中国发难,东海、南海海上疆域纷纷告急。
China is a country both land and sea with a long coastline, vast sea area and abundant marine resources. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the maritime areas within the sovereignty of coastal States mainly include internal waters, inner seas, territorial seas, contiguous zones, exclusive economic zones and the continental shelf. According to this regulation, China has nearly 3 million square kilometers of maritime territory. However, influenced by the complicated reasons of history and reality, nearly half of China’s marine territories are in dispute with other countries. They face the harsh reality of the sea being divided, reefs occupied and their resources plundered. In recent days, the waters around China have become more and more popular. Countries such as Japan, the Philippines and Vietnam are vying with each other in the disputed sea areas. Disputed islands are making an attack on China. Sea territorial seas in the East China Sea and the South China Sea have been in a hurry.