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近代科学的发展,人們对原子核的认识愈来愈深刻。做为核的基本属性除了有貭量、电荷、磁矩、核自旋之外,又发現核具有电四极矩。电四极矩与偶极矩相似,是体系的电学性貭。偶极矩的測定曾得到过分子結构的重要知识。同样,核四极矩的测定也做出了核內正电荷分布的形式以及分子中化学鍵的性貭的判断。化学键的性貭与該键在分子中的环境有关,如两个C—Cl鍵在不同环境中在性貭上是有差别的。若能测量在鍵上电子电荷分布情况,就能够决定鍵的性貭。一般描写化学鍵性质的参数都与分子的整体性貭有关。具有四极矩的核犹如放在分子內部的“試驗电
The development of modern science, people’s understanding of the nucleus is more and more profound. As the basic properties of nuclear in addition to the amount of charge, charge, magnetic moment, nuclear spin, but also found that nuclear has electric quadrupole moment. The electric quadrupole moment is similar to the dipole moment and is the electrical property of the system. Dipole moment determination has been important knowledge of the molecular structure. Similarly, the determination of nuclear quadrupole also makes a judgment of the form of the positive charge distribution in the nucleus and the nature of chemical bonds in the molecule. The chemical bond 貭 and the bond in the molecule environment, such as two C-Cl bond in different environments in the sex is different. If you can measure the distribution of the electronic charge on the key, you can determine the key’s 貭. General description of the chemical bond properties of the parameters are related to the molecular integrity. A nucleus with quadrupole moments is like a “test cell” on the inside of a molecule