Electro-catazone treatment of an ozone-resistant drug:Effect of sintering temperature on TiO2 nanofl

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Electrochemical heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (E-catazone) is a promising and advanced oxidation technology that uses a titanium dioxide nanoflower (TiO2-NF)-coated porous Ti gas diffuser as an anode material.Our previous study has highlighted that the importance of the TiO2-NF coating layer in enhancing ·OH production and rapidly degrading O3-resistant drugs.It is well known that the properties of TiO2-NF are closely related to its sintering temperature.However,to date,related research has not been conducted in E-catazone systems.Thus,this study evaluated the effect of the sintering temperature on the degradation of the O3-resistant drug pam-chlorobenzoic acid (p-CBA) using both experimental and kinetic modeling and revealed its influence mechanism.The results indicated that the TiO2-NF sintering temperature could influence p-CBA degradation and ·OH production.TiO2-NF prepared at 450℃showcased the highest p-CBA removal efficiency (98.5% in 5 min) at a rate of 0.82 min-1,and an ·OH exposure of 8.41 × 10-10 mol L-1s.Kinetic modeling results and interface characterization data revealed that the sintering temperature could alter the TiO2 crystallized phase and the content of surface-adsorbed oxygen,thus affecting the two key limiting reactions in the E-catazone process.That is,=-TiO2 surface reacted with H2O to form TiO2-(OH)2,which then heterogeneously catalyzed O3 to form ·OH.Consequently,E-catazone with a TiO2-NF anode prepared at 450 ℃ generated the highest surface reaction rate (5.00 × 10-1 s-1 and 4.00 × 10-3 L mo1-1 s-1,respectively),owing to its higher anatase content and adsorbed oxygen.Thus,a rapid O3-TiO2 reaction was achieved,resulting in an enhanced ·OH formation and a highly effective p-CBA degradation.Overall,this study provides novel baseline data to improve the application of E-catazone technology.
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