Microwave-assisted synthesis of colorimetric and fluorometric dual-functional hybrid carbon nanodots

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Carbon nanodots (CDs) based fluorescent nanoprobes have recently drawn much attention in chemo-/bio-sensing and bioimaging.However,it is still challenging to integrate the colorimetric and fluorometric dual readouts into a single CD.Herein,novel hybrid CDs (HCDs) are prepared by a simple microwave-assisted reaction of citric acid (CA),branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) and potassium thiocyanate (KSCN).As-prepared HCDs show extraordinary properties,including excitation-dependent emission,satisfactory fluorescence quantum yield (46.8%),excellent biocompatibility and optical stability.Significantly,the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm exhibits linear correlation over the Fe3+concentration from 1 μmol/L to 150 pμmol/L with a detection limit (LOD) of 52 nmol/L Meanwhile,the solution color changes from colorless to orange,and the absorbance at 460 nm increased linearly with Fe3+ concentration ranging from 0.02mmol/L to 5 mmol/L (LOD:3.4 μmol/L).All the evidence illustrates that the HCDs can be conditioned for specific Fe3+ sensing with colorimetric and fluorometric dual readouts,which has also been verified with paper-based microchips.The possible mechanism is attributed to the specific interactions between surface functional groups on the HCDs and Fe3+.Additionally,the HCDs are successfully applied in sensing Fe3+ in wastewater and living cells,demonstrating its potential applications in future environment monitoring and disease diagnosis.
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