论文部分内容阅读
植物保护已经成为现代化的农业生产中不可缺少的先进技术之一.化学方法,也就是使用各种化学农药制剂防治作物病、虫害及防除农田杂草,是植物保护中最有效的方法.而化学工业的成就促进了农药工业的发展.苏维埃政权初期,主要生产无机农药:七水合硫酸铁(绿矾)、巴黎绿(一种含砷杀虫剂)、氯化钡、亚砷酸钠和福尔马林等;同时,烟碱、绿肥皂、石灰、苏打、硫磺和硫华等也在应用.所有这些制剂,作为化学手段,要防治各种各样的农业病虫草害是很不够的.苏联农业上应用的化学农药,产量逐年增加,品种也在不断扩大和完善.在1950年只生产1.3万吨农药制剂、4个品种,而1965年化学农药制剂的产量就达到了19.76万吨,1970年又增至29.16万吨,1975年为43.84万吨.
Plant protection has become one of the indispensable advanced technologies in modern agricultural production.Chemical methods, that is, using various chemical pesticide preparations to prevent crop diseases, insect pests and weeds in farmland, are the most effective methods for plant protection, while chemical The achievements of the industry contributed to the development of the pesticide industry: In the early days of the Soviet government, the main products were inorganic pesticides: ferric sulfate heptahydrate (alum), Paris Green (an arsenic-containing pesticide), barium chloride, sodium arsenite and blessing Marlin, etc. At the same time, nicotine, green soap, lime, soda, sulfur and sulfur are also being used, and all of these preparations, as chemical means, are not enough to prevent and control a wide variety of agricultural pests and diseases. The chemical pesticides applied to agriculture in the Soviet Union have been increasing in output year by year and the varieties have also been constantly expanded and perfected. Only the 13,000 tons of pesticide preparations and 4 varieties were produced in 1950, while the 1965 chemical pesticide preparations reached 197,700 tons, It increased to 291,600 tons in 1970 and 438,400 tons in 1975.