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选择性离子敏感电极是一种新的电化学分析手段。虽然在本世纪初,人们就发现了象PH玻璃电极之类的离子电极,但是,它的迅速发展还是在二十世纪六十年代以后,特别是七十年代以来,应用范围越来越广,电极品种增多,电极性能逐渐提高。它具有快速、简便地测定溶液中若干离子浓度的特点,尤其在自动分析、工业流程控制中应用,有它独到之处,因而在分析中的应用特别令人注目。选择性离子电极工作的基本原理,是利用一个对待测溶液中一种离子有响应的电极(指示电极)和一已知电位的电极(参比电极)组成一个电池,用一仪器测量电池的电动势(即二电极的电位差)。然后计算待测物质的数量(见图)。
Selective ion-sensitive electrodes are a new means of electrochemical analysis. Although ion-electrodes such as PH glass electrodes were discovered at the beginning of this century, its rapid development was still more and more widely applied after the 1960s, especially since the 1970s. Electrode varieties increased, the electrode performance gradually increased. It has a quick and easy to measure the concentration of several ions in the solution characteristics, especially in the automatic analysis, industrial process control applications, has its unique features, and thus the analysis of the application of particular noteworthy. The basic principle of selective ion electrode work is to use an ion-responsive electrode (indicator electrode) and a known potential electrode (reference electrode) in a solution to be measured to form a battery. An instrument measures the electromotive force of the battery (That is, the potential difference between the two electrodes). Then calculate the number of substances to be tested (see figure).